Compact Super Wideband Frequency Diversity Hexagonal Shaped Monopole Antenna With Switchable Rejection Band

Abstract

To reduce interference from other wireless communications, a smaller super wideband frequency diversity hexagonal monopole antenna with switchable rejection band capabilities is proposed. The patch has the shape of hexagonal with an open-ended horizontal slot that divides the patch into upper and lower parts. The notch switchable features and the frequency diversity are controlled by changing the length of the resonator through alternating the state of two inserted parallel PIN diodes inside the horizontal openended slot. The upper part of the hexagonal patch is connected to the negative terminal of the diodes and the biasing circuit in the bottom layer through a conducting pin while the lower part is connected to the positive terminal of the diode. When both diodes are OFF the antenna works as a super wideband covering a bandwidth that starts at 3.37 and ends at 27.71 GHz. When both diodes are ON, a frequency band 3.81 -6.62 GHz is filtered, and a band notch has appeared. The antenna's radiation pattern is broadsided directional, and the efficiency reached 92.9 % and 96 % for the ON and OFF cases respectively. The reflection coefficient (S11) at the rejection reaches -3.06 dB at 5.38 GHz. The suggested design's overall size is 36 mm × 36 mm × 1.6 mm on an FR-4 substrate material with a loss tangent of 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛿 = 0.02. Hence, the proposed super wideband antenna is well-suited for applications in wireless communications.

Experimental Investigation of Novel Frock-shaped Miniaturized 4×4 UWB MIMO Antenna Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

“…In terms of size, bandwidth, gain, and diversity factors like ECC, MEG, CCL, and radiation parameters, the proposed working model is compared to existing working models [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] in Table 2. Comparative analysis reveals that the suggested antenna with CMA methodological design improves the diversity metrics ECC, DG, and CCl across the whole UWB.…”

A Compact Highly Isolated Four-Element Antenna System for Ultra-Wideband Applications

“…Tis antenna has wideband features, including a frequency range of 3.0-11.0 GHz as well as four rejection bands. According to the fndings presented in reference [17], slots with inverted L and U forms are able to give quadruple notch characteristics at frequencies of 3.3 GHz, 4.03 GHz, and 5.4 GHz. In addition to this, the antenna has an isolation of more than 25 decibels.…”

Frequency Switchable Global RFID Tag Antennae with Metal Compatibility for Worldwide Vehicle Transportation

“…RFID can communicate over a standard frequency band such as low frequency (125-134 kHz), high frequency (13.56 MHz), ultrahigh frequency (UHF) (840-960 MHz), and microwave frequency (2.45 or 5.8 GHz) [3]. UHF band is used in vehicle management all over the world which varies with countries such as (840-845) MHz (in India), (902-928) MHz (in North America), and (950-955) MHz (in Japan) [4,5].…”

“…Proper impedance matching and high read range properties are desired in multiband RFID tag antennae [6]. Various dual band tag antennae have been reported in the literature, and these antennae employ different techniques such as F-shaped monopole RFID tag working at microwave frequency [7], conjoining PIFA and meandered microstrip patch antennae for both UHF and microwave frequencies [8], incorporating bent feedlines between concentric microstrip circular rings [9], conventional planar dipole tag with T-matching networks [5], and two distinct antennae for receiving and backscattering operations [10]. Additionally, the tag can be attached to any surface directly, and therefore metal compatibility is one of the major criteria for designing the tag antennae.…”