Differentially driven devices represent a highly promising research field for radio frequency (RF), microwave (MW), and millimeter-wave (mmWave) designers and engineers. Designs employing differential signals are essential elements in low-noise fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) communications. Apart from the conventional planar MW components, differential-fed balanced microstrip filters, as promising alternatives, have several advantages, including high common-mode rejection, low unwanted radiation levels, high noise immunity, and wideband harmonic suppression. In this paper, a comprehensive and in-depth review of the existing research on differential-fed microstrip filter designs are presented and discussed with a focus on recent advances in this research and the challenges facing the researchers. A comparison between different design techniques is presented and discussed in detail to provide the researchers with the advantages and disadvantages of each technique that could be of interest to a specific application. Challenges and future developments of balanced microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs) are also presented in this paper. Balanced filters surveyed include recent single-, dual-, tri-, and wide-band BPFs, which employ different design techniques and accomplish different performances for current and future wireless applications.3 of 25 between these designs follow each section. Section 6 shows the challenges and future development of differential-fed microstrip BPFs. Finally, Section 7 presents the conclusion of our review.
Single-Band Differential Microstrip BPFsRecently, many single-band differential planar BPFs based on different techniques have been reported [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. The main difference between these designs is the structures utilized. Several types of resonators and techniques can be used to obtain a single-band differential planar BPF with different performance. Generally, the common-mode noise suppression is an interesting topic for high-speed and high-frequency wireless applications. The common-mode noise signals can degrade the differential-mode transmitted signals as well as the entire power of such wireless applications. To suppress the common-mode signals, some researchers and engineers have proposed the use of a series of combinations of single-band differential-fed planar filters and transmission lines [39]. However, this technique will lead to a large area and so not suitable for new demands of compact systems. However, Ebrahimi et al. have proposed a new balanced BPF using dumbbell-shaped defected ground structures (DGSs) [42]. The proposed DGS resonator provides the option of implementing higher-order differential filters. Also, in comparison with similar techniques such as S-shaped complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs), which have similar structures in common-mode and differential mode transmission [39], differential filters based on DGSs provide high common-mode attenuation by utilizing two separate equiv...