Compaction characteristics of barley, canola, oat and wheat straw

Adapa, Phani; Tabil, Lope G.; Schoenau, Greg

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.06.022

Cited by 195 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The work required to pelletize individual and blended samples was evaluated by means of integrating the area under the compaction curve and relaxation curve, as shown in Figure 1 [22]. The amount of work was determined using the force versus displacement graph.…”

Section: Work Of Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process and Energy Analysis of Pelleting Agricultural and Woody Biomass Blends

2018

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Unprocessed biomass has low energy density and high transportation cost. The energy generated through biomass can be enhanced by the pelletizing technique. In order to evaluate the energy requirement for the pelletizing of agricultural biomass, three different particle sizes (150-300, 300-425, and 425-600 µm) of reed canary grass (RCG), timothy hay (TH), and switchgrass (SW) were selected in the present work. Furthermore, two woody biomasses (spruce and pine) were also considered under similar experimental conditions for comparison purposes. An Instron machine attached to an in-house built pelletizer unit was employed to produce a single pellet. The energy demand for compacting ground biomass (spruce) with a particle size of 150 µm was lower (2.07 kJ) than those required for particle sizes of 300 µm (2.24 kJ) and 425 µm (2.43 kJ). The energy required for compacting ground reed canary grass, timothy hay, and switchgrass was lower (1.61, 1.97, and 1.68 kJ, respectively) than that required for spruce (2.36 kJ) and pine (2.35 kJ), evaluated at a 159-MPa load and at temperature of about 80 • C. The energy demand for blended biomass was around 2 kJ with the pellet quality approaching that of the pellets made from woody biomass. Overall, blending helped to improve the quality of pellets and lower the compaction energy requirements.

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Section: Work Of Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process and Energy Analysis of Pelleting Agricultural and Woody Biomass Blends

2018

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“…Four types of agricultural biomass residues (i.e., barley, canola, oat, and wheat straws) were collected from a farmer in the Central Butte area of Saskatchewan, Canada in September 2008 in the form of bales typically having dimensions of 0.45×0.35×1.00 m [12]. Adapa et al [12] used these straws in their composition investigation (shown in Table 1).…”

Section: Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adapa et al [12] used these straws in their composition investigation (shown in Table 1). Table 1 indicates that the composition of agricultural straws varies with feedstock variety.…”

Section: Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The briquette moisture content after the durability test was determined based on ASABE Standard S358.2 [21]. Durability rating (DR) represents the measure of shear and impact forces that briquettes could withstand in the course of handling, storage, and transportation processes [6,12,23]. The briquette DR was tested based on ASABE Standard S269.4 [22] by tumbling ten briquettes (representing the ten replicates of each combination) in a tumbling durability tester for 3 min at 40 rpm.…”

Section: Hydraulic Briquette Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of researchers have discussed in detail how process variables (i.e., die temperature, compression pressure, die geometry, and retention time), feedstock variables (i.e., moisture content and particle size and shape), and biomass composition (i.e., protein, fat, cellulose, hemicelluloses lignin, etc.) play a major role in densified biomass quality [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Pelleting at high die temperatures can result in plasticization of components like protein and starch, and softening of lignin [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of process conditions on the density and durability of wheat, oat, canola, and barley straw briquettes

et al. 2014

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The present study is to understand the impact of process conditions on the quality attributes of wheat oat, barley, and canola straw briquettes. Analysis of variance indicated that briquette moisture content and initial density immediately after compaction and final density after 2 weeks of storage are strong functions of feedstock moisture content and compression pressure, whereas durability rating is influenced by die temperature and feedstock moisture content. Briquettes produced at a low feedstock moisture content of 9 % (w.b.) yielded maximum densities >700 kg/m 3 for wheat, oat, canola, and barley straws. Lower feedstock moisture content of <10 % (w.b.) and higher die temperatures >110°C and compression pressure >10 MPa minimized the briquette moisture content and maximized densities and durability rating based on surface plots observations. Optimal process conditions indicated that a low feedstock moisture content of about 9 % (w.b.), high die temperature of 120-130°C, medium-to-large hammer mill screen sizes of about 24 to 31.75 mm, and low to high compression pressures of 7.5 to 12.5 MPa minimized briquette moisture content to <8 % (w.b.) and maximized density to >700 kg/m 3 . Durability rating >90 % is achievable at higher die temperatures of >123°C, lower to medium feedstock moisture contents of 9 to 12 % (w.b.), low to high compression pressures of 7.5 to 12.5 MPa, and large hammer mill screen size of 31.75 mm, except for canola where a lower compression pressure of 7.5 to 8.5 MPa and a smaller hammer mill screen size of 19 mm for oat maximized the durability rating values.

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The Use of Wheat Straw as an Agricultural Waste in Composites for Semi‐Structural Applications

Santulli

2017

Handbook of Composites From Renewable Materials

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Compaction characteristics of barley, canola, oat and wheat straw

Cited by 195 publications

References 19 publications

Process and Energy Analysis of Pelleting Agricultural and Woody Biomass Blends

Process and Energy Analysis of Pelleting Agricultural and Woody Biomass Blends

Impact of process conditions on the density and durability of wheat, oat, canola, and barley straw briquettes

The Use of Wheat Straw as an Agricultural Waste in Composites for Semi‐Structural Applications

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