Compaction of Cohesive Granular Material: Application to Carbon Paste

Kansoun, Zahraa; Chaouki, Hicham; Picard, Donald; Lauzon-Gauthier, Julien; Alamdari, Houshang; Fafard, Mario

doi:10.3390/ma14040704

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The aggregates’ breakage during this experiment was captured by an acoustic waves detection system and was highlighted by a softening behavior on the stress–strain curves [ 21 ]. A study that investigated the behavior of the carbon paste subjected to cyclic loadings was [ 22 ]. Quasi-static cyclic tests at different strain amplitudes were carried out on a room-temperature ramming paste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quasi-static cyclic tests at different strain amplitudes were carried out on a room-temperature ramming paste. It was shown that decreasing the strain amplitude applied to the carbon paste would lead to a considerable decrease in the axial stress and to an increase in the number of cycles needed to reach the target density [ 22 ]. The authors presented the following hypothesis: lower strain amplitudes during cyclic loadings enhance the aggregates rearrangement and the relaxation of pore pressure during the unloading phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors presented the following hypothesis: lower strain amplitudes during cyclic loadings enhance the aggregates rearrangement and the relaxation of pore pressure during the unloading phases. In [ 6 , 22 ], the time dependent behavior of the carbon paste was investigated. Relaxation tests carried out on a room temperature carbon paste at different levels of imposed strains revealed a highly time-dependent behavior on the part of the carbon paste under relaxation loads and a negligeable viscoelastic strain during the recovery phase in comparison with the instantly reversible and permanent strains [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [ 6 , 22 ], the time dependent behavior of the carbon paste was investigated. Relaxation tests carried out on a room temperature carbon paste at different levels of imposed strains revealed a highly time-dependent behavior on the part of the carbon paste under relaxation loads and a negligeable viscoelastic strain during the recovery phase in comparison with the instantly reversible and permanent strains [ 22 ]. In [ 6 ], a modified creep test was performed on the green anode paste at high temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant increase in deformation during the creep phase was indicative of a time-dependent behavior for the green anode paste. In [ 22 ], vibro-compaction tests done with a maximum amplitude of 1 MPa and at frequencies ranging from 0.1 Hz to 7 Hz. indicated that increasing the frequency within the studied range would lead to an increase in the number of cycles and a decrease in the total time needed to reach the target density The frequency, however, would not affect the final rigidity of the vibro-compacted sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain Rate and Stress Amplitude Effects on the Mechanical Behavior of Carbon Paste Used in the Hall–Héroult Process and Subjected to Cyclic Loadings

Kansoun

Chaouki²,

Picard³

et al. 2022

Materials

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Carbon products such as anodes and ramming paste must have well-defined physical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties to perform their functions effectively in the aluminum electrolysis cell. The physical and mechanical properties of these products are assigned during the shaping procedure in which compaction stresses are applied to the green carbon paste. The optimization of the shaping process is crucial to improving the properties of the carbon products and consequently to increasing the energy efficiency and decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions of the Hall–Héroult process. The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect(s) of the strain rate, of the stress maximum amplitude, and of the unloading level on the behavior of a green carbon paste subjected to cyclic loading. To this end, experiments consisting of (1) cyclic compaction tests at different maximum stress amplitudes and strain rates, and (2) cyclic compaction tests with different unloading levels were carried out. The study obtained the following findings about the behavior of carbon paste subjected to cyclic loads. The strain rate in the studied range had no effect either on the evolution of the permanent strain as a function of the cycle number, nor on the shape of the stress–strain hysteresis during the cyclic loading. Moreover, samples of the same density that had been subjected to different maximum stress amplitudes in their loading history did not have the same shape of the stress–strain curve. On the other hand, despite having different densities, samples subjected to the same number of cycles produce the same stress–strain curve during loading even though they were subjected to different maximum stress amplitudes in their loading histories. Finally, the level of unloading during each cycle of a cyclic test proved significant; when the sample was unloaded to a lower level of stress during each cycle, the permanent strain as a function of the cycle number was higher.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%