Company size distribution for developing countries

Size Distribution of Portuguese Firms between 2006 and 2012

“…Based on the interpretation of Mandelbrot [1], they identify θ with the concept of temperature in thermodynamics which, in the context of a country, may be seen as a degree of "economic activity" as made explicitly by Peréz-Mesa and Galdeano-Goméz [21]. This interpretation is confirmed by the empirical analysis of Hernandéz-Pérez, Angulo-Brown and Tun [12], which identify a tendency of θ to be positively related to the degree of development of countries.…”

“…Hernandéz-Pérez and Peréz-Mesa [12,21]), we applied the same arguments given by Mandelbrot in linguistics, to a corresponding explanation in the firm size context. By defining economic units to perform specialized productive functions, a firm may be seen as formed by a group of such unitary sections, just as letters in linguistics (or more generally, unit signs such as phonemes) can be aggregated to build words.…”

“…The original matter studied by Zipf [8] was the frequency distribution of words in language, obeying the law of least effort. More recent literature on the application of Zipf's law to firm size include Stanley et al [9] and Axtell [10] for USA firms, Gaffeo et al [11] for G7 countries, Hernandez-Perez et al [12] for developing countries, Okuyama et al [13] for Japanese firms and Zhang et al [6] for chinese firms. Testing the Zipf's law involves considering the null hypothesis that A is one.…”

Distributions of city sizes in Mexico during the 20th century

“…This approach has been used in a variety of research fields ranging from social to natural sciences [2]. For example, from economics [3][4][5], linguistics [6,7] and sociology [8] to physics [9][10][11] and biology [12]. The phenomena described by scaling laws have no characteristic scales and usually are described by power laws of the fractal type.…”

An analogy of the size distribution of business firms with Bose–Einstein statistics

“…One of the complex systems in economics studied by physicists and mathematicians is that constituted by business firms in different economies [1,2], and the study of firm size distribution has received much attention, primarily for developed economies [3][4][5][6][7], although other works have extended the analysis to emergent economies [8,9] and global rankings [10]. One approach to the study of firm size distribution is based on the analysis of firm rankings, focused on the statistical properties of firm rankings, where the cumulative distribution function (CDF) for sizes is often obtained, the main result being that the CDF is very close to a power law (or to a modified power law [6,8]), and that this distribution holds for different proxies for size, diverse time spans and different countries [3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11].…”