“…However, it is not always clear what effects different testing modes have on properties of test results. Some studies have shown that individuals are likely to respond more candidly to sensitive questions when asked by computer rather than when personally interviewed or when responding to a paper-and-pencil questionnaire (Evan & Miller, 1969; Marshall, Hays, & Nicholas, 1994; O'Brien & Dugdale, 1978; Sanitioso & Reynolds, 1992). Other studies have shown that computerized testing decreases the amount of candor (Angle, Johnson, Grebeenkemper, & Ellinwood, 1979; Lankford, Bell, & Elias, 1994; Schuldberg, 1988).…”