Comparable accuracy of femoral joint line reconstruction in different kinematic and functional alignment techniques

Abstract

Purpose A key part of kinematic alignment (KA) and functional alignment (FA) is to restore the natural femoral joint line, in particular the medial joint line. KA is known to reproduce the femoral joint line accurately; however, direct comparisons with other surgical techniques such as FA are currently lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate diferences of alignment parameters in KA and FA techniques with a special focus given to the femoral joint line. Methods We performed a retrospective radiological analysis of pre-and postoperative long leg radiographs of 221 consecutive patients with varus or neutral leg alignment, who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures from 2018 to 2020. Patients were assigned to one of four groups: (1) FA: image-based robotic-assisted TKA, (2) FA: imageless robotic-assisted TKA, (3): restricted KA: 3D cutting block-assisted (patient-speciic instruments, PSI) TKA, (4): unrestricted KA: calipered technique. Patients' radiographs were (re)-analyzed for overall limb alignment, medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), as well as medial and lateral femoral joint line alteration. Statistical signiicance was determined using unpaired t testing (FA vs. KA group) and one-way ANOVA (subgroup analyses). Results Comparisons of KA vs. FA, as well as individual subgroups of KA and FA did not show any diferences in the accuracy of medial joint line reconstruction (< 2 mm, p = 0.384, p = 0.744, respectively) and LDFA alteration (< 2°, p = 0.997, 0.921, respectively). Correction of MPTA (3.4° vs. 2.2°) and lateral femoral joint line (2.1 mm vs. 1.5 mm) was higher for FA and FA subgroups compared to KA and KA subgroups (both p < 0.001). Conclusion Kinematic and functional alignments showed a comparable accuracy in reconstruction of the medial femoral joint line and femoral joint line orientation. Increased correction of MPTA and lateral femoral joint line was recorded with FA techniques. Level of evidence III.

Image‐free handheld robotic‐assisted technology improved the accuracy of implant positioning compared to conventional instrumentation in patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty, without additional benefits in improvement of clinical outcomes

“…The current study used constitutional alignment concept with a wider acceptability of 3 degrees in variation from neutral hip–knee–ankle axis (HKAA), which found no differences in PROs between conventional instrumentation and RA-TKA. The proposed concepts target limb alignment in coronal plane to give optimal TKA results include the mechanical alignment [ 3 ], kinematic alignment [ 22 , 24 ], and functional alignment which is based on the achievement of preoperative joint line obliquity and the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification category [ 22 , 30 ]. There are a few studies that showed improved clinical outcomes with TKA performed using functional alignment as compared to mechanical alignment [ 6 , 23 ].…”