2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.057
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Comparable immune responsiveness but increased reactogenicity after subcutaneous versus intramuscular administration of tick borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine

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Cited by 21 publications
(15 citation statements)
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References 48 publications
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“…In the obese cohort, however, men reported more local pain, which seems in line with the initially higher vaccine responses, as it has been described that strong vaccine responsiveness is often accompanied by increased reactogenicity (52). Moreover, the route of application might also influence reactogenicity, as we previously described that subcutaneous TBE vaccination is associated with more side effects-even if immunogenicity is unaffected by the route of application (53). Thus, possible unintentional subcutaneous administration in obese individuals, for example, due to insufficient needle length, might also account for increased local reactions.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 78%
“…In the obese cohort, however, men reported more local pain, which seems in line with the initially higher vaccine responses, as it has been described that strong vaccine responsiveness is often accompanied by increased reactogenicity (52). Moreover, the route of application might also influence reactogenicity, as we previously described that subcutaneous TBE vaccination is associated with more side effects-even if immunogenicity is unaffected by the route of application (53). Thus, possible unintentional subcutaneous administration in obese individuals, for example, due to insufficient needle length, might also account for increased local reactions.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 78%
“…Thirty studies comparing intramuscular with subcutaneous administration of adjuvanted vaccines are presented in alphabetical order in Table 1 (6 anthrax [10][11][12][13][14][15] , 1 botulinum toxoid, 16 9 diphtheria and tetanus toxoid containing vaccines, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] 4 hepatitis, [26][27][28][29] 7 hepatitis, 30-36 1 herpes zoster, 37 1 influenza 38 and 1 tick-borne encephalitis 39 ). These studies could be subdivided into two groups; one with 21 randomized trials and the other with 7 observational studies and 2 randomized trials with unacceptable biases.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The 21 randomized trials being; 6 anthrax 10−15 , 1 botulinum toxoid, 16 5 diphtheria toxoid containing vaccines, 17,[19][20][21][22] 3 hepatitis, [27][28][29] 3 hepatitis, 32,34,35 with 1 each of herpes zoster, 37 influenza 38 and tick-borne encephalitis 39 vaccines. There were 7 observational studies.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…This early local decrease in Treg frequency probably does not represent an actual decrease in Treg number, but rather is the result of a vaccination-induced influx of other cells (e.g. Teff, or neutrophils/monocytes) in the dLN [43,44]. Indeed, when we considered actual cell numbers in the dLN, we found an increase in total numbers of cells in the dLN at 3 and 7 dpv (Figure A in S6 Fig), corresponding to (small) increases in numbers of CD4 + T cells and also CD4 + CD25 + Treg (Figure B and C in S6 Fig).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%