Compararative evaluation of rK9, rK26 and rK39 antigens in the serodiagnosis of  Indian visceral leishmaniasis

Mohapatra, Tribhuban Mohan; Singh, Dharmendra; Sen, Malay Ranjan; Bharti, Kalpana; Sundar, Shyam

doi:10.3855/jidc.544

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Mohapatra et al [28] conducted a comparative evaluation of different recombinant antigens for the serodiagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis. They concluded that rK39 (a 39-aminoacid-repetitive immunodominant B-cell epitope of kinesin-related antigen from L. chagasi) was the most suitable antigen when compared with rK26 and rK9; this last antigen may be used as an adjunct to rK39 for accurate diagnosis of VL.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent updates and perspectives on leishmaniasis

Savoia

2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

146

128

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Leishmaniasis is a neglected vector-borne tropical infection considered to be a disease of the poor. Concentrated in poverty-stricken countries within Southeast Asia, East Africa, and Latin America, it is also endemic in several Mediterranean countries. The management of the heterogeneous syndromes determined by parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania is particularly difficult in developed, non-endemic countries owing to the unfamiliarity of physicians with clinical symptoms, diagnostic possibilities, and available treatment options. Therefore, travelers and other people who may be exposed to sand flies in endemic areas should receive counseling regarding leishmaniasis and appropriate protective measures. Serological diagnosis is rarely used for cutaneous and mucocutaneous diseases, but it is the most commonly used technique for visceral leishmaniasis. The drugs used to treat this last disease are expensive and sometimes have toxic side effects. This review highlights the diagnostic, chemotherapeutic, and immunizing strategies to control leishmaniasis, though no human vaccine is commercially available currently owing to the complexity of the cellular immune response to this parasite.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent updates and perspectives on leishmaniasis

Savoia

2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

146

128

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“…In another study, two hydrophilic antigens of Leishmania chagasi were used (rk9 and rk26), leading to an increase in the list of available antigens for serodiagnosis of VL [63]. Another kinesin recombinant related protein used in ELISA assay is rKE16.…”

Section: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of leishmaniasis

Elmahallawy

Martínez

Rodríguez‐Grangér

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

154

119

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Leishmaniasis is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis encompasses subclinical ( not apparent), localized (skin lesion), and disseminated (cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral) infection. This spectrum of manifestations depends on the immune status of the host, on the parasite, and on immunoinflammatory responses. Visceral leishmaniasis causes high morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Reliable laboratory methods become mandatory for accurate diagnosis, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those infected with HIV. In this article, we review the current state of the diagnostic tools for leishmaniasis, especially the serological test.

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“…Two serological tests are currently being used in the field: the direct agglutination test (DAT), based on numbers of killed whole L. donovani promastigotes, and the recombinant K39 (rK39)-based immunochromatographic antibody detection test. Other antigenbased assays have been developed for Leishmania antibody detection, using (recombinant) proteins rK9, rK26, rK28, Leishmania infantum cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase (LicTXNPx), rgp63, rLepp12, recombinant open reading frame F (rORFF), BHUP2, rKLO8, rHSP70, guanylate binding protein (GBP), galactosyl-␣(1-3)galactose, 9-O-acetylated sialic acids, recombinant peroxidoxin, and amastin (116)(117)(118)(119)(120)(121)(122)(123)(124)(125)(126)(127)(128)(129)(130). Unfortunately, antibodies against Leishmania parasites exhibit a long half-life and stay detectable for several months up to several years after an infection [tested by the DAT and for galactosyl-␣(1-3)galactose, LicTXNPx, rK26, rK39, and BHUP2] (49, 120, 121, 131-141), which compromises the diagnosis of a relapse case and also the pharmacodynamic application of these markers.…”

Section: Identified Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review of Biomarkers To Monitor Therapeutic Response in Leishmaniasis

Kip

Balasegaram

Beijnen

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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e Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the development of new drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis. This has spurred the need for pharmacodynamic markers to monitor and compare therapies specifically for visceral leishmaniasis, in which the primary recrudescence of parasites is a particularly long-term event that remains difficult to predict. We performed a systematic review of studies evaluating biomarkers in human patients with visceral, cutaneous, and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, which yielded a total of 170 studies in which 53 potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers were identified. In conclusion, the large majority of these biomarkers constituted universal indirect markers of activation and subsequent waning of cellular immunity and therefore lacked specificity. Macrophage-related markers demonstrate favorable sensitivity and times to normalcy, but more evidence is required to establish a link between these markers and clinical outcome. Most promising are the markers directly related to the parasite burden, but future effort should be focused on optimization of molecular or antigenic targets to increase the sensitivity of these markers. In general, future research should focus on the longitudinal evaluation of the pharmacodynamic biomarkers during treatment, with an emphasis on the correlation of studied biomarkers and clinical parameters.

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Compararative evaluation of rK9, rK26 and rK39 antigens in the serodiagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis

Cited by 48 publications

References 18 publications

Recent updates and perspectives on leishmaniasis

Recent updates and perspectives on leishmaniasis

Diagnosis of leishmaniasis

Systematic Review of Biomarkers To Monitor Therapeutic Response in Leishmaniasis

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