Comparation of Bacterial and Archaea Diversity in Uncultivated and Cultivated Typical Black Soil in Northeast China

Abstract

Understanding the effects of tillage on the community composition and diversity of bacteria and archaea is useful for the long-term sustainable utilization of black soil. In this study, non-disturbed virgin black soil (NDBS) in the past 60 years, and the adjacent black soil under the arable land farming (DFBS) and paddy rice (PBS) for 3 years were chosen to investigate the microbial characteristics and their relationship with physical and chemical properties. The microbial diversity was investigated using 16S rRNA genes high-throughput sequencing technique and its relationship with soil physic-chemical properties was analyzed by redundancy analysis. The diversity of archaea decreased significantly after arable land farming. After conversion from arable land farming to rice paddy, the diversity of bacteria increased significantly, while the diversity of archaea increased significantly. In DFBS, the available phosphorus increased significantly, yet pH, organic matter and available potassium decreased significantly. However, the pH and available phosphorus increased significantly, organic matter and total nitrogen decreased significantly in PBS. The soil pH had the closest correlation with the microbial diversity. These indicated that tillage disturbance changed the diversity of bacteria and archaea as well as physical and chemical properties in black soil.