Comparative acute toxicity of leachates from plastic products made of polypropylene, polyethylene, PVC, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene, and epoxy to Daphnia magna

Lithner, Delilah; Nordensvan, Ildikó; Dave, Göran

doi:10.1007/s11356-011-0663-5

Cited by 222 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Collembolans were kept in plastic boxes filled with 50 g of a mixture of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) and activated charcoal (Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland) in a ratio of 9:1 (w/w) and cultured at 20 ± 1°C, a light/dark cycle of 12:12 h. The plastic box is of food grade and made of polypropylene. The study of Lithner et al (2012) shows that leaching of polypropylene in deionized water for 3 days at 50°C did not show any toxic effect on Daphnia magna. With respect to any effects on the test substance, imidacloprid has a low log Kow (0.57) (Hoffmann 2008) and therefore shows negligible adsorption to the plastic material used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of imidacloprid on detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase on Folsomia candida (Collembola)

Sillapawattana

Schäffer

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Chemical analyses of the environment can document contamination by various xenobiotics, but it is also important to understand the effect of pollutants on living organisms. Thus, in the present work, we investigated the effect of the pesticide imidacloprid on the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) from Folsomia candida (Collembola), a standard test organism for estimating the effects of pesticides and environmental pollutants on non-target soil arthropods. Test animals were treated with different concentrations of imidacloprid for 48 h. Changes in steady-state levels of GST messenger RNA (mRNA) and GST enzyme activity were investigated. Extracted proteins were separated according to their sizes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the resolved protein bands were detected by silver staining. The size of the glutathione (GSH) pool in Collembola was also determined. A predicted protein sequence of putative GSTs was identified with animals from control group. A 3-fold up-regulation of GST steady-state mRNA levels was detected in the samples treated with 5.0 mg L imidacloprid compared to the control, while a 2.5- and 2.0- fold up-regulation was found in organisms treated with 2.5 and 7.5 mg L imidacloprid, respectively. GST activity increased with increasing imidacloprid amounts from an initial activity of 0.11 μmol min mg protein in the control group up to 0.25 μmol min mg protein in the sample treated with the 5.0 mg L of pesticide. By contrast, the total amount of GSH decreased with increasing imidacloprid concentration. The results suggest that the alteration of GST activity, steady-state level of GST mRNA, and GSH level may be involved in the response of F. candida to the exposure of imidacloprid and can be used as biomarkers to monitor the toxic effects of imidacloprid and other environmental pollutants on Collembola.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of imidacloprid on detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase on Folsomia candida (Collembola)

Sillapawattana

Schäffer

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Although leachates from HDPE are ranked as moderate toxic in general (Lithner et al, 2011), leachates of HDPE were found to cause acute toxic effects on D. magna (Lithner et al, 2012). However, as we used particles without any additives (manufacturer information) and did not apply any surfactans for the preparation of the test suspensions, we exlude chemical effects "carried" by the microplastic particles.…”

Section: Mechanisms Causing Adverse Effects Of 1-mm Pe-particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term exposure with high concentrations of pristine microplastic particles leads to immobilisation of Daphnia magna

2016

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“…The mixture composition and concentration of leachable compounds depend on the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of receiving environments. The leaching of water-soluble constituents from plastic products using deionised water is considered a useful method for profiling environmental hazards posed by plastics [97,98]. Lithner et al used such leachates in a direct toxicity testing approach to assess their acute toxicity to D. magna [97,98].…”

Section: Effects Of Leaching Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leaching of water-soluble constituents from plastic products using deionised water is considered a useful method for profiling environmental hazards posed by plastics [97,98]. Lithner et al used such leachates in a direct toxicity testing approach to assess their acute toxicity to D. magna [97,98]. For instance, with a liquid to solid (L/S) ratio of 10 and 24 h leaching time, leachates from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), and polycarbonate (PC) were the most toxic with EC 50 values of 5-69 g plastic L À1 [98].…”

Section: Effects Of Leaching Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics Are Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Freshwater Environments: An Overview

Lambert

Wagner

2017

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

227

137

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In recent years, interest in the environmental occurrence and effects of microplastics (MPs) has shifted towards our inland waters, and in this chapter we provide an overview of the issues that may be of concern for freshwater environments. The term 'contaminant of emerging concern' does not only apply to chemical pollutants but to MPs as well because it has been detected ubiquitously in freshwater systems. The environmental release of MPs will occur from a wide variety of sources, including emissions from wastewater treatment plants and from the degradation of larger plastic debris items. Due to the chemical makeup of plastic materials, receiving environments are potentially exposed to a mixture of microand nano-sized particles, leached additives, and subsequent degradation products, which will become bioavailable for a range of biota. The ingestion of MPs by aquatic organisms has been demonstrated, but the long-term effects of continuous exposures are less well understood. Technological developments and changes in demographics will influence the types of MPs and environmental concentrations in the future, and it will be important to develop approaches to mitigate the input of synthetic polymers to freshwater ecosystems.

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Comparative acute toxicity of leachates from plastic products made of polypropylene, polyethylene, PVC, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene, and epoxy to Daphnia magna

Abstract: Toxic chemicals leached even during the short-term leaching in water, mainly from plasticized PVC and epoxy products.

Cited by 222 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of imidacloprid on detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase on Folsomia candida (Collembola)

Effects of imidacloprid on detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase on Folsomia candida (Collembola)

Short-term exposure with high concentrations of pristine microplastic particles leads to immobilisation of Daphnia magna

Microplastics Are Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Freshwater Environments: An Overview

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