Comparative Acute Toxicity Studies of Chlorpyrifos Technical Grade with its Emulsifiable Concentrate (20% EC) on Labeo rohita, a Freshwater Major Carp, and Mystus vittatus, a Freshwater Catfish

This study evaluated the toxicity of Dithane M-45, a common fungicide, in the freshwater fish species Labeo rohita. The lab-scale experiments were conducted to determine the concentration-dependent effects on fish mortality and behavioral changes. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values were identified as 190 mg/L at 48 hours, 170 mg/L at 72 hours, and 160 mg/L at 96 hours, indicating increased toxicity over time. Observations during the initial hour of exposure included pronounced behavioral responses such as jumping, increased movement, and frequent chelae scraping against body parts. These acute responses gradually subsided, with the fish returning to a more sedentary state within 36 hours. Subsequently, the fish settled at the bottom of the aquaria, displaying reduced activity. The gills and the inner linings of the branchiostegal began to produce mucus after 36 hours of exposure. This mucus production became more pronounced with prolonged exposure, particularly at the 96-hour mark. These findings suggest that Dithane M-45 has significant acute and subacute toxic effects on L. rohita, impacting both physiological and behavioral parameters. The findings showed the importance of monitoring and regulating the use of Dithane M-45 in aquatic environments to mitigate potential ecological and health risks.

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Comparative Acute Toxicity Studies of Chlorpyrifos Technical Grade with its Emulsifiable Concentrate (20% EC) on Labeo rohita, a Freshwater Major Carp, and Mystus vittatus, a Freshwater Catfish

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to some non-target freshwater organisms: which one is more toxic—technical grade or commercial formulation?

Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to some non-target freshwater organisms: which one is more toxic—technical grade or commercial formulation?

Effects of pesticides on fish: An overview of evolution of bioassays and cutting edge technologies

Acute toxicity of dithane M-45 in freshwater fish Labeo rohita: A laboratory study

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