Comparative Analysis of Agronomic Traits, Seed Color Variability and Protein Content in Pisum sativum L. Cultivars Across Diverse European Environments

Abstract

Background: Pea (Pisum sativum L.) provides one of the best solutions for the lack of plant-based protein. The different agroecological conditions and the difference in seed color and type can affect seed protein content, composition and agronomic traits. Methods: A two-year trial on two European sites was done using an augmented block design. Agronomic traits and seed protein content were determined for each plot. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariate analysis were done to analyze the structure and pea traits. Electrophoresis was done to investigate variations in protein composition. Result: The results of multivariate analysis showed the separation of pigmented seeds from non-pigmented seeds, with no clear grouping concerning seed type. The protein composition differed between seeds of different colors. Environmental factors had a significant impact on the duration of flowering, the number of pods and seeds and seed weight per plant.