Comparative Analysis of an Urban LoRaWAN Deployment: Real World Versus Simulation

Citoni, Bruno; Ansari, Shuja; Abbasi, Qammer H.; Hussain, Sajjad

doi:10.1109/jsen.2022.3193504

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Finally, the size of the payload and the intermediate period of creation and sending messages from each ED (uplink) as well as the total simulation time of the test are noted. ADR will be disabled in all cases because in some cases it caused more issues than it solved [ 28 ]. It is found that while ADR decides to update SF for a node based on channel conditions, it does not consider the impact of collisions resulting from the increasing number of nodes within the same network [ 29 ] to be able to manually control parameters independently.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Assessment of Common Crucial Factors That Affect LoRaWAN Performance on Suburban and Rural Area Deployments

Fragkopoulos

Panagiotakis

Kostakis

et al. 2023

Sensors

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LoRaWAN networks might be a technology that could facilitate extreme energy-efficient operation while offering great capacity for suburban and rural area deployment, but this can be a challenging task for a network administrator. Constraints that deform the trade-off triangle of coverage, scalability and energy efficiency need to be overcome. The scope of this study is to review the limitations of the LoRaWAN protocol in order to summarize and assess the crucial factors that affect communication performance, related to data rate allocation, bidirectional traffic and radio spectrum utilization. Based on the literature, these factors correspond mostly to configurable payload transmission parameters, including transmission interval, data rate allocation, requirement for acknowledgements and retransmission. In this work, with simulation experiments, we find that collision occurrences greatly affect channel occupancy. In particular, it was evaluated that collision occurrence is increasingly affected by transmission intervals, which have the most significant negative impact on packet delivery rate (PDR). We then validated that clustering of end nodes in the vicinity of a gateway, taking into account distance and transmission settings, can improve network scalability. This can assure distribution of the total transmission time to end nodes with respect to application-related QoS requirements. Following this clustering approach, we achieved a PDR greater than 0.90 in a simulation setting with 6000 end nodes in a 10 km coverage.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Assessment of Common Crucial Factors That Affect LoRaWAN Performance on Suburban and Rural Area Deployments

Fragkopoulos

Panagiotakis

Kostakis

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Typically, LoRa technology has been deployed as a hub and spoke topology based on the Layer 3 LoRaWAN protocol [14]. LoRa exhibits substantial potential, particularly as a candidate for a long-range multi-hop network.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations and Performance Evaluation of Gossip Routing in LoRa-Based Linear Networks

Liaqat,

Branch,

But

2023

Future Internet

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Linear networks (sometimes called chain-type networks) occur frequently in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, where sensors or actuators are deployed along pipelines, roads, railways, mines, and international borders. LoRa, short for Long Range, is an increasingly important technology for the IoT with great potential for linear networking. Despite its potential, limited research has explored LoRa’s implementation in such networks. In this paper, we addressed two important issues related to LoRa linear networks. The first is contention, when multiple nodes attempt to access a shared channel. Although originally designed to deal with interference, LoRa’s technique of synchronisation with a transmission node permits a novel approach to contention, which we explored. The second issue revolves around routing, where linear networks permit simpler strategies, in contrast to the common routing complexities of mesh networks. We present gossip routing as a very lightweight approach to routing. All our evaluations were carried out using real equipment by developing real networks. We constructed networks of up to three hops in length and up to three nodes in width. We carried out experiments looking at contention and routing. We demonstrate using the novel approach that we could achieve up to 98% throughput. We compared its performance considering collocated scenarios that achieved 84% and 89% throughputby using relay widths of two and three at each hop, respectively. Lastly, we demonstrate the effectiveness of gossip routing by using various transmission probabilities. We noticed high performance up to 98% throughputat Tprob = 0.90 and Tprob = 0.80 by employing two and three active relay nodes, respectively. The experimental result showed that, at Tprob = 0.40, it achieved an average performance of 62.8% and 73.77% by using two and three active relay nodes, respectively. We concluded that LoRa is an excellent technology for Internet of Things applications where sensors and actuators are deployed in an approximately linear fashion.

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“…Besides, a simulation called LoRa-MAB focuses on transmission rates [15]. Furthermore, comparative LoRaWAN network analysis between physical and simulation results are also available [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of End Device and Field Test Device Measurements for RSSI, SNR and SF Performance Parameters in an Indoor LoRaWAN Network

Aksoy,

Yıldız,

Karlık

2024

Wireless Pers Commun

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Internet of things (IoT) phenomenon has brought up distinctive technologies that are using wireless communication and appearing in smart city applications. Long range (LoRa) modulation technique has pulled up the market and forced the announcement of LoRa wide area network (LoRaWAN) standard in 2021 by ITU-T with Y.4480 standard code. LoRaWAN is a medium access control protocol using low power wide area network approaches with the aim of long-range coverage and management of many edge devices. LoRaWAN networks are emerging all over the world with some existing optimization, planning and network allocation problems that need to be overcome. This paper focuses on comparative analysis and interpretation of measurements performed in a LoRaWAN network deployed in an 18-floor building with a LoRaWAN gateway on the roof. The research covers results of comparative measurements between end device and Adeunis field test device (AFTD) for received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spreading factor (SF). End devices have been randomly selected from 18 th , 12 th , 6 th and 1 st floors and their daily performance data have been gathered through the network server. AFTD has been used to get 10 sample measurements for each floor in the same day. Minimum RSSI values measured by end devices are better than the ones measured with AFTD except the case in 1 st floor. All SNR values measured with end devices are better than measurements performed with AFTD. SF measurements show that SF differs with increasing distances from 7 to 12 in order as expected with theoretical computations.

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Comparative Analysis of an Urban LoRaWAN Deployment: Real World Versus Simulation

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Experimental Assessment of Common Crucial Factors That Affect LoRaWAN Performance on Suburban and Rural Area Deployments

Experimental Assessment of Common Crucial Factors That Affect LoRaWAN Performance on Suburban and Rural Area Deployments

Design Considerations and Performance Evaluation of Gossip Routing in LoRa-Based Linear Networks

Comparative Analysis of End Device and Field Test Device Measurements for RSSI, SNR and SF Performance Parameters in an Indoor LoRaWAN Network

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