Comparative Analysis of BEMF and Pulsating High-Frequency Current Injection Methods for PM Temperature Estimation in PMSMs

Reigosa, David; Fernández, Daniel; Tanimoto, Tsutomu; Kato, Takashi; Briz, Fernando

doi:10.1109/tpel.2016.2592478

Cited by 81 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Considering applications and operating conditions, optimal crossover frequency of a stator flux linkage observer should be determined. A transfer function of Gopinath-style observer can be derived in continuous time domain as (4) in [24]. The K fo and the K fio are the proportional and integral controller gains of the Gopinath-style stator flux-linkage observer respectively in Figure 1 and L qd is the mutual inductance of q to d showing cross-saturation characteristic of PMSMs:…”

Section: Gopinath Style Stator Flux Linkage Observermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though MTPA operation is achieved regardless of parameter variations applying high frequency signal injection methods, not only the injected current signal results in additional loss in an inverter and a motor but also it results in undesired influence on the motor operation. Recent research shows PM temperature estimation for PMSMs and variable flux PMSMs but torque error compensation for PMSMs was not addressed in the algorithms [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Torque Error Compensation Algorithm for Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Respect to Magnet Temperature Variations

Park

Lee

2018

Energies

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This paper presents a torque error compensation algorithm for a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) through real time permanent magnet (PM) flux linkage estimation at various temperature conditions from medium to rated speed. As known, the PM flux linkage in SPMSMs varies with the thermal conditions. Since a maximum torque per ampere look up table, a control method used for copper loss minimization, is developed based on estimated PM flux linkage, variation of PM flux linkage results in undesired torque development of SPMSM drives. In this paper, PM flux linkage is estimated through a stator flux linkage observer and the torque error is compensated in real time using the estimated PM flux linkage. In this paper, the proposed torque error compensation algorithm is verified in simulation and experiment.

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Section: Gopinath Style Stator Flux Linkage Observermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Torque Error Compensation Algorithm for Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Respect to Magnet Temperature Variations

Park

Lee

2018

Energies

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“…An increase in the generator temperature induces an increase of the stator resistance and a decrease of the magnets strength. This will affect to the generator torque production capability, as well as to the magnetic saturation and consequently to the inductances [19]- [21]. An increase in the generator temperature has been studied using a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software package, three different machine thermal states (20, 60 and 100 • C) were simulated.…”

Section: B Operation With Incorrect Parameter Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control and Emulation of Small Wind Turbines Using Torque Estimators

Guerrero

Lumbreras²,

Reigosa

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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Abstract-Soft-stall control of small wind turbines is a method to protect the generation system and/or load from excessive wind speeds and wind gusts without discontinuing power generation. Soft-stall can be activated due to either an excess of the power and/or torque/current. This paper proposes a method to improve the existing soft-stall methods for over torque/current protection using a turbine torque estimator. In addition, this paper also proposes two methods to emulate the wind turbine inertia without communications between the load drive (wind turbine emulator) and the generation system controller. This will allow the evaluation of the proposed methods in working conditions. I. INTRODUCTIONThe increasing electrical energy demand has boosted the interest in renewable energy sources due to economical and sustainability reasons. The development of the energy conversion technologies has also brought opportunities to small scale consumers to produce electricity to cover all or part of their electrical energy needs, normally using photovoltaic panels and small wind turbines, the second being considered advantageous in terms of power density and cost.To become attractive to private consumers, small wind turbines should be able to operate unattended under a broad range of weather conditions. Self protection of the wind turbine under high wind speed situations is mandatory in this case. When the power produced by the turbine exceeds load or generator rated powers, the turbine must be operated at a reduced efficiency to avoid damage either to the load or to the generator. A variety of methods to decrease the turbine efficiency under high wind speed have been proposed, including pitch, furling and stall control, mechanical brakes and electric brakes [1], pitch and furling being only possible in variable pitch wind turbines. The electric brake is the preferred option for small wind turbines due to its simplicity and low cost. However, activation of the electrical brake produces a high torsional torque in the turbine shaft and large currents in the generator windings what stresses the system significantly. A negative temperature coefficient resistor (NTC) crowbar has been proposed to mitigate those problems [1], [2]. Nevertheless, the activation of the crowbar discontinue the power generation. Furthermore, the occurrence of successive start and stop cycles can stress or even damage the turbine.To avoid the electric brake activation various soft-stall methods have been proposed [3]-[6]. These methods limit the power produced by the wind turbine by reducing its efficiency. To achieve this goal, the turbine speed is decreased, and therefore operates with a non-optimal tip speed ratio (TSR).In [7] a soft-stall method using the generator and/or power converter current limit (or alternatively by generator torque limit) instead of the rated power of the connected load was proposed for generator protection. This method also allows automatic reconnection of the system if the crowbar has been

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“…Back-EMF based methods cannot be used at zero and very low speed due to the direct relationship between back-EMF and speed. In addition, although obtaining the PM flux linkage when the machine is rotating at no load is relatively simple, its estimation under load conditions becomes not trivial [13]. A different approach to estimate PMs temperature and MS that overcomes some of the aforementioned limitations is by injecting some type of additional signal in the stator of the machine and measuring the machine response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A different approach to estimate PMs temperature and MS that overcomes some of the aforementioned limitations is by injecting some type of additional signal in the stator of the machine and measuring the machine response. These types of methods include pulse injection [12] and HF signal injection [10]- [11] and [13]. Pulse injection methods [12] estimate d-axis inductance (L d ) variations, which depend on the magnetization level of the PMs and therefore of its temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Magnetoresistance and Temperature on Permanent Magnet Condition Estimation Methods Using High-Frequency Signal Injection

Fernández

Martinez

Reigosa

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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Torque production capability of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) depends on the permanent magnets (PM) magnetization state (MS). MS is a function of PM initial magnetization level, which decreases as temperature increases. Furthermore, excessive PM temperature can produce irreversible PM demagnetization.PM MS and temperature measurement/estimation is therefore important both for torque control and monitoring purposes. The injection of a high frequency (HF) signal in the stator windings has been shown to be a viable option for temperature and MS estimation. This technique estimates the PM temperature or/and MS from the variation of the stator reflected PM HF resistance. However, since PM HF resistance is affected by both PM temperature and MS due to magnetoresistive effect, separating both effects is not trivial. This paper studies the effect of magnetoresistance and temperature on the PM resistivity, the target being twofold: to understand how temperature and MS estimation methods interfere with each other, and to further use of this knowledge for the development of methods able to estimate the magnet temperature and MS simultaneously 1

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Comparative Analysis of BEMF and Pulsating High-Frequency Current Injection Methods for PM Temperature Estimation in PMSMs

Cited by 81 publications

References 13 publications

A Torque Error Compensation Algorithm for Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Respect to Magnet Temperature Variations

A Torque Error Compensation Algorithm for Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Respect to Magnet Temperature Variations

Control and Emulation of Small Wind Turbines Using Torque Estimators

Influence of Magnetoresistance and Temperature on Permanent Magnet Condition Estimation Methods Using High-Frequency Signal Injection

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