Comparative analysis of biomass, ethrel elicitation, light induced differential MVA/MEP pathway gene expression and andrographolide production in adventitious root cultures of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees

Isolation, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of NAC Transcription Factor from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and Their Role in Andrographolide Production

“…Furthermore, the expression analysis of andrographolide pathway-related genes (HMGR, MVK, DXS, DXR, and HDS) under ABA treatment was also performed [73][74][75][76]. The proteins encoded by HMGR and DXS control the metabolic flux in each pathway (MVA and MEP), influencing enzyme activities, and altering the metabolic pathways' flow [73][74][75][76].…”

“…Furthermore, the expression analysis of andrographolide pathway-related genes (HMGR, MVK, DXS, DXR, and HDS) under ABA treatment was also performed [73][74][75][76]. The proteins encoded by HMGR and DXS control the metabolic flux in each pathway (MVA and MEP), influencing enzyme activities, and altering the metabolic pathways' flow [73][74][75][76]. MVK is an essential enzyme from the cytosolic MVA pathway, which catalyzes the conversion of mevalonate to mevalonate 5 phosphate, which is the precursor of isopentenyl diphosphate.…”

“…Based on the literature search, the andrographolide biosynthesis pathways, such as MVA (mevalonate pathway) and MEP (2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate) pathways, were examined. Enzyme genes associated with these pathways, including HMGR (XM_051267731.1), HDS (XM_051264732.1), MVK (XM_051288144.1), DXS (NM_001422027.1), and DXR (XM_051280679.1), were also selected for expression analysis under ABA treatment [73][74][75][76]. These genes were previously reported to be strongly induced during the higher accumulation of andrographolide content.…”

Impacts of Different Light Spectra on CBD, CBDA and Terpene Concentrations in Relation to the Flower Positions of Different Cannabis Sativa L. Strains

“…At present, no publication has shed light on the internal sink and source order for GPP in cannabinoid and terpene biosynthesis in Cannabis sativa L. We assume that in the case of A4, the synthesis of β-myrcene, limonene and ocimene served as a strong sink based on the activation of the CsTPS genes. As the formation of GPP over the MEP pathway can be promoted by light intensity [ 22 , 23 ], this should lead to an increase in the illuminated MTBs and STBs. This could be observed for β-myrcene, ocimene, caryophyllene and limonene for the strain KAN ( Figure 7 ).…”

“…Increasing light intensity leads to a decrease in the MEV/MVA pathway, whereas abiotic and biotic stresses can enhance it [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. By contrast, the MEP pathway is promoted by light intensity and temperature [ 22 , 23 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”