Comparative Analysis of Cardiovascular Development Related Genes in Stem Cells Isolated from Deciduous Pulp and Adipose Tissue

Abstract

Human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and adipose stem cells (ASC) were suggested as alternative cell choice for cardiac regeneration. However, the true functionability of these cells toward cardiac regeneration is yet to be discovered. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the innate biological properties of these cell sources toward cardiac regeneration. Both cells exhibited indistinguishable MSCs characteristics. Human stem cell transcription factor arrays were used to screen expression levels in SHED and ASC. Upregulated expression of transcription factor (TF) genes was detected in both sources. An almost equal percentage of > 2-fold changes were observed. These TF genes fall under several cardiovascular categories with higher expressions which were observed in growth and development of blood vessel, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis categories. Further induction into cardiomyocyte revealed ASC to express more significantly cardiomyocyte specific markers compared to SHED during the differentiation course evidenced by morphology and gene expression profile. Despite this, spontaneous cellular beating was not detected in both cell lines. Taken together, our data suggest that despite being defined as MSCs, both ASC and SHED behave differently when they were cultured in a same cardiomyocytes culture condition. Hence, vigorous characterization is needed before introducing any cell for treating targeted diseases.

Cardiomyogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Follicle-derived Stem Cells by Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid and Their In Vivo Homing Property

“…The differentiated cells were morphologically similar to in vivo cardiomyocytes and expressed abundantly cardiomyocyte-specific markers, both at the mRNA and protein level. Similar to this study, an earlier study reported that the dental stem cells from deciduous pulp could differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro under activin A and BMP2 induction protocol 11.…”

“…Similar morphological changes were reported in other studies describing the cardiomyogenic differentiation of stem cells by chemical induction 11-17, 29, 30. The cells differentiated by SAHA induction showed abundant expression of cardiomyocyte-specific markers, such as α-SMA, TNNT2, Desmin, and ACTC1, at both mRNA and protein levels.…”

“…Especially, dental follicle, pulp, and root apical papilla of the extracted wisdom teeth showed the highest potential as MSC sources for various tissue regenerations 8. MSCs from dental pulp tissue of deciduous teeth could be differentiated in vitro into cardiomyocytes and expressed cardiomyocyte specific markers at a high level during the course of differentiation 11.…”

RNA-Based Strategies for Cardiac Reprogramming of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

“…Similarly, a comparative study revealed that adMSC expressed significantly more cardiomyocyte specific biomarkers as DFSCs following cardiac programming with cytokine supplemented culture medium [11]. The impact of MSC origin on programming capability was also shown for non-cardiac cell lineages like hepatocytes and smooth muscle cells [59,62].…”

“…In recent years, MSC have also been utilized for the generation of mesenchymal as well as non-mesenchymal cell lineages, including neuron-like, hepatocyte-like, and cardiac-like cells [6][7][8][9][10]. Despite these promising results, the differentiation of human MSC into fully mature cardiomyocytes bearing all their respective phenotypical and functional characteristics is difficult [11][12][13][14][15]. As MSC are located in various tissues, they represent a heterogeneous progenitor cell population dependent on the tissue source and the individual donor [16].…”