Comparative analysis of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant versus matched non-pregnant women: radiologic, laboratory, and clinical perspectives

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the severity and outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnant women, focusing on laboratory and radiological discrepancies between pregnant women and matched nonpregnant women. In this retrospective cross-sectional analysis, we matched 107 nonpregnant women with 66 pregnant women in terms of age, comorbidities, and the interval between symptom onset and hospital admission. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were collected, and chest CT scans were evaluated using a severity scale ranging from 0 to 5. Logistic regression and adjusted Cox regression models were used to assess the impact of various factors on pregnancy status and mortality rates. Differences in several laboratory parameters, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, liver aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, urea, triglycerides, cholesterol, HbA1c, ferritin, coagulation profiles, and blood gases, were detected. Radiologic exams revealed that nonpregnant women had sharper opacities, whereas pregnant women presented with hazy opacities and signs of crypt-organizing pneumonia. A notable difference was also observed in the pulmonary artery diameter. The mortality rate among pregnant women was 4.62%, which was comparable to the 5.61% reported in nonpregnant patients. Compared with nonpregnant patients, pregnancy did not significantly affect the severity or mortality of COVID-19. Our study revealed discernible differences in specific laboratory and imaging markers between pregnant and nonpregnant COVID-19 patients.