Comparative Analysis of Digital Models of Objects of Cultural Heritage Obtained by the “3D SLS” and “SfM” Methods

Abstract

In the era of the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, 3D digitisation of selected museum artefacts is becoming more and more frequent practice, but the vast majority is performed by specialised teams. The paper presents the results of comparative studies of 3D digital models of the same museum artefacts from the Silk Road area generated by two completely different technologies: Structure from Motion (SfM)—a method belonging to the so-called low-cost technologies—and by Structured-light 3D Scanning (3D SLS). Moreover, procedural differences in data acquisition and their processing to generate three-dimensional models are presented. Models built using a point cloud were created from data collected in the Afrasiyab museum in Samarkand (Uzbekistan) during “The 1st Scientific Expedition of the Lublin University of Technology to Central Asia” in 2017. Photos for creating 3D models in SfM technology were taken during a virtual expedition carried out under the “3D Digital Silk Road” program in 2021. The obtained results show that the quality of the 3D models generated with SfM differs from the models from the technology (3D SLS), but they may be placed in the galleries of the vitrual museum. The obtained models from SfM do not have information about their size, which means that they are not fully suitable for archiving purposes of cultural heritage, unlike the models from SLS.

Diachronic and Synchronic Analysis for Knowledge Creation: Architectural Representation Geared to XR Building Archaeology (Claudius-Anio Novus Aqueduct in Tor Fiscale, the Appia Antica Archaeological Park)

“…BIM and the scan-to-BIM process, in particular, today represent indispensable digital tools for appropriately managing the LLCB since it facilitates information sharing and, at the same time, guarantees high metric and geometric control of every single component [37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Above all, we see how HBIM, BIMcloud and InfraBIM evolve into increasingly interactive and immersive forms such as Digital Twins, where integration between models and sensors allows users to manage and monitor the building behaviour [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Thanks to BIM, we can also project and synchronise in real-time in highly immersive environments such as eXtended Reality (XR0), where we can give life to objects modelled with the visual programming language (VPL) and artificial intelligence (AI) and investigate new forms of "digital proxemics".…”

“…Architects, engineers and restorers of 'tomorrow' inevitably have to deal with digital modelling and BIM "today, now", knowing that the real opportunity lies in acquiring tools that can holistically range in different disciplinary fields, increasing awareness, management and quality of their projects projected toward a future of constant change. Accordingly, the last few years have been characterised by many HBIM projects and methods capable of managing the paradigm of the complexity of historical buildings and archaeological sites in heterogeneous ways, extending the concept of BIM to that of heritage [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. HBIM projects have been improved by integrating various technologies such as 3D survey, laser scanning, digital photogrammetry (terrestrial and UAV) and AMT [58][59][60][61][62].…”

Research on 3D reconstruction of small size objects using structure from motion photogrammetry via smartphone images

“…Many studies such as in digital landform generation purposes (Micheletti, Chandler, & Lane, 2015), volumetric earthwork computations (Jeong, H. Ahn, Shin, Y. Ahn, & Choi, 2019;Wróżyński, Pyszny, Sojka, Przybyła, & Murat-Błażejewska, 2017), artefacts of cultural heritage and documentation (Barszcz, Montusiewicz, Paśnikowska-Łukaszuk, & Sałamacha, 2021) have been conducted by the researchers for 3D model reconstruction following SfM photogrammetry, where the images collected via smartphones. Guidi, Micoli, Gonizzi, Brennan and Frischer (2015) aimed to analyze the model quality of smallmedium size objects based on SfM and Image Matching (IM) with different shooting configurations.…”

Time Distribution Analysis of 3D Prints with the Use of a Filament and Masked Stereolithography Resin 3D Printer

“…In some cases, 3D scanners are used to make the model. They allow for the depiction of even large-format objects [12]. Then the scanned image is processed into a model, and then the object can be printed.…”