Comparative analysis of electronic properties of tin, gallium, and bismuth chalcogenide-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract

In the present work, the channels of singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were filled with tin sulfide (SnS), gallium telluride (GaTe), and bismuth selenide (Bi 2 Se 3 ). The successful encapsulation of the compounds was proven by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The electronic properties of the filled SWCNTs were studied by optical absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the embedded metal chalcogenides have different influence on the electronic properties of the nanotubes. The incorporation of tin sulfide into the SWCNTs does not result in sufficient changes in the electronic structure of SWCNTs, except for a minor influence on metallic nanotubes. The filling of SWCNTs with gallium telluride causes the charge transfer from the SWCNT walls to the encapsulated compound due to acceptor doping of the nanotubes. The insertion of bismuth selenide inside the SWCNT channels does not lead to the modification of the electronic properties of nanotubes.

Temperature-dependent inner tube growth and electronic structure of nickelocene-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes

“…The introduced substances were shown to modify the electronic structure of nanotubes (). Inorganic compounds and nonmetals caused hole doping of SWCNTs , whereas organometallic molecules and metals led to electron doping of tubes. It was found that the host nanotubes protected the encapsulated materials from environmental factors ().…”

Spectroscopy of Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

“…The optical absorption spectroscopy was applied to identify the presence of charge transfer in the SWCNTs filled with FeCl 2 , FeBr 2 , FeI 2 [ 12 ], CoBr 2 [ 13 ], ZnCl 2 , ZnBr 2 , ZnI 2 [ 14 ], AgCl, AgBr, AgI [ 15 ], CdCl 2 , CdBr 2 , CdI 2 [ 16 ], CuCl [ 17 ], CuCl, CuBr, CuI [ 18 ], PrCl 3 [ 19 ], TbCl 3 [ 20 ], GaSe, GaTe [ 21 , 22 ], SnS, SnTe [ 22 , 23 ], Bi 2 Se 3 [ 22 ] and Bi 2 Te 3 [ 24 ]. The optical absorption spectrum of SWCNTs includes several characteristic peaks.…”

“…Raman spectroscopy was applied to investigate the modified electronic structure of SWCNTs filled with MnCl 2 , MnBr 2 [ 35 , 36 ], FeCl 2 , FeBr 2 , FeI 2 [ 12 ], CoBr 2 [ 13 ], NiCl 2 , NiBr 2 [ 37 ], ZnCl 2 [ 20 ], ZnCl 2 , ZnBr 2 , ZnI 2 [ 14 ], AgCl, AgBr, AgI [ 15 ], AgCl [ 38 , 39 ], CuCl [ 17 ], CuI [ 40 , 41 ], CuCl, CuBr, CuI [ 18 ], CdCl 2 [ 20 , 42 ], CdCl 2 , CdBr 2 , CdI 2 [ 16 ], PbCl 2 , PbBr 2 , PbI 2 [ 43 ], SnF 2 [ 44 ], RbI [ 45 ], RbAg 4 I 5 [ 46 ], TbCl 3 [ 20 , 47 , 48 ], TbBr 3 , TbI 3 [ 48 ], TmCl 3 [ 24 , 47 ], PrCl 3 [ 19 , 47 ], LuCl 3 , LuBr 3 , LuI 3 [ 49 ], HgCl 2 [ 50 ], GaSe, GaTe [ 21 , 22 ], SnS, SnTe [ 22 , 23 ], Bi 2 Se 3 [ 22 ] and Bi 2 Te 3 [ 24 ], Ag […”

“…The C 1s XPS spectra of SWCNTs filled with MnCl 2 , MnBr 2 [ 35 , 36 ], FeCl 2 , FeBr 2 , FeI 2 [ 12 ], CoBr 2 [ 13 ], NiCl 2 , NiBr 2 [ 37 ], ZnCl 2 , ZnBr 2 , ZnI 2 [ 14 ], AgCl [ 39 ], AgCl, AgBr, AgI [ 15 ], PbCl 2 , PbBr 2 , PbI 2 [ 43 ], CdCl 2 , CdBr 2 , CdI 2 [ 16 ], ZnCl 2 , CdCl 2 , TbCl 3 [ 20 ], CuCl, CuBr, CuI [ 18 ], RbI [ 45 ], RbAg 4 I 5 [ 46 ], TmCl 3 [ 24 ], PrCl 3 [ 19 ], HgCl 2 [ 50 ], GaSe, GaTe [ 21 , 22 ], SnS, SnTe [ 22 , 23 ], Bi 2 Se 3 [ 22 ], Bi 2 Te 3 [ 24 ], Ag [ 24 , 51 , 53 ], Cu [ 53 , 54 ], ferrocene [ 56 ] and nickelocene [ 61 , 62 ] were reported.…”

Synthesis and Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Filled with Metal Halogenides and Metallocenes

“…The filling of SWCNTs with fullerene C 60 [14] and RuCl 3 [15] was firstly performed in 1998 and since then the topic has attracted increasing attention. SWCNTs were filled with different simple elemental substances, metals [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and nonmetals [17,23], chemical compounds, metal halogenides [24][25][26][27][28][29], metal chalcogenides [30][31][32][33][34] and metal oxides [35,36] as well as molecules, fullerenes and their derivatives [37][38][39][40][41] and metallocenes [42,43].…”