Comparative Analysis of Flavonoids and Polar Metabolite Profiling of Tanno-Original and Tanno-High Rutin Buckwheat

Abstract

Rutin is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of buckwheat. In this study, flavonoid biosynthesis was compared between two common cultivars (an original and a high-rutin line) of buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Transcriptional levels of the main flavonoid biosynthetic genes were analyzed by real-time PCR, and main flavonoid metabolites were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); levels of gene expression varied among organs of the two cultivars. Significantly higher transcription levels of most flavonoid biosynthetic genes, except FeFLS1, were detected in stems of the high-rutin line than in stems of the original line. FeCHI and FeFLS2 genes also showed higher expression levels in seeds of the high-rutin cultivar. In contrast, FePAL, FeC4H, Fe4CL1, FeCHS, FeF3H, FeF3'H, FeFLS2, and FeDFR were highly detected in the roots of the original line. The HPLC results indicated 1.73-, 1.62-, and 1.77-fold higher accumulation of rutin (the primary flavonoid compound) in leaves, stems, and mature seeds of the high-rutin cultivar (24.86, 1.46, and 1.36 μg/mg, respectively) compared with the original cultivar (14.40, 0.90, and 0.77 μg/mg, respectively). A total of 46 metabolites were identified from seeds by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The metabolite profiles were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). PCA could clearly differentiate the original and high-rutin cultivars. Our results indicate that the high-rutin cultivar could be an excellent alternative for buckwheat culture, and we provide useful information for obtaining this cultivar.

Profile of Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Capacity in Organs of Common Buckwheat Sprout

“…We have not found measurable content of vanillic acid, but the full profi le of phenolic acids was signifi cantly wider than that of other researchers (KIM et al, 2004;JANOVSKA et al, 2010). Most of the data on the content of these acids in buckwheat concerns their presence in seeds (GUO et al, 2012) or in organs of mature plant (LI et al, 2014).…”

“…However, the most of the results are related to the PA content in seeds (GUO et al, 2012) and leaves or stems of mature plants (LI et al, 2014). In buckwheat sprouts JANOVSKA and co-workers (2010) have found derivatives of cinnamic acid (caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acid) and benzoic acid (vanillic and syringic).…”

Comparative analysis of phytochemicals and polar metabolites from colored sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) tubers

“…Classification of sweet potato varieties by GC-TOFMS-based metabolic profiling and PLS-DA Untargeted metabolomic approaches using GC-MS are one of the most useful techniques to explore metabolic differences among genotypes (22) and to identify associations between phenotypic traits and primary metabolites (6). In this study, GC-MS-based metabolite profiling was conducted to assess the variations in polar primary metabolites in the different-colored sweet potatoes by GC-TOFMS.…”

“…The data file was scaled with unit variance scaling before all of the variables were subjected to PLS-DA. PLS-DA has been used to identify metabolic differences among varieties in diverse plant samples with the supervised pattern recognition method (22,23). The PLS-DA results demonstrated a lack of significant variance within the same variety (Fig.…”

Response of phenolic metabolism induced by aluminium toxicity in Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. plants

“…Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used to determine total phenolic content [12]. Rutin as the dominant phenolic substance in buckwheat plants [13] was used to standard curve construction and total phenolic content calculation in the absolute methanol extracts, 25 mg of the dried plant material was extracted with 1 ml absolute methanol for 24 h. Absorbance was read at 765 nm.…”