Comparative Analysis of Fluoride Concentrations in Groundwaters in Northern and Southern Ghana: Implications for the Contaminant Sources

Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Zango, Musah Saeed; Korboe, Harriet Mateko

doi:10.1007/s41748-018-0044-z

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…For maintaining a sustainable environment, it is imperative to assess and monitor physiochemical properties and their sources along with hydrogeochemical processes.Water quality is mainly in uenced by a variety of physicochemical parameters such as pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Hardness., etc. Various multivariate statistical analyses such as Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Factor Analysis or Principal Component Analysis (FA/PCA), Multiple Linear Regression analysis (MLR) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) are needed to analyse groundwater quality data.Cluster analysis has been used to categorize the sample location based on its water quality and physicochemical characteristics (Haritash et al 2018;Sunkari et al 2018). On the other hand, physicochemical characteristics were also classi ed according to the in uence of various sources in…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical and multivariate statistical approaches to investigate the characteristics of groundwater quality in fluoride-enriched hard rock region in Tirupathur district of Tamil Nadu, India

Nagaraj,

Masilamani

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Fluoride pollution is a major issue worldwide, posing health risks such as dental and skeletal uorosis. This study was conducted in uoride enrichment hard rock regions of Vaniyambadi and Ambur talks in Tirupathur district, Tamilnadu. 480 groundwater samples were collected from May 2021 to April 2022 and grouped as Summer, Southwest monsoon, Northeast monsoon, and Winter. Maximum concentration of uoride was found to be 4 mg/L in the summer season in Vellakuttai region of Vaniyambadi taluk. The spatial distribution of uoride in groundwater during the monsoon season indicates that it is mostly leached from uoride-bearing minerals. The study aims to investigate the hydrogeochemical process and mechanism in uencing groundwater chemistry. The Piper and Gibbs diagrams has been carried out to illustrate the rock-water interaction and anthropogenic sources that contribute to the NaHCO 3 and NaCl-type waters, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis such HCA, PCA, MLR and SEM has been carried out to determine the groundwater quality. HCA analysis manifests the nature and sources of groundwater through Q-mode and R-mode analysis. PCA plays a role in eliminating the factors that associates with TDS for better development of the MLR model. The results of the MLR model provides higher accuracy in detecting the contamination factors associated with the environment and natural rocks. SEM revealed the goodness of t indices, that con rms the variation in regional groundwater quality caused by various physicochemical characteristics. This study also aims to provide the con rmation of exploratory data analysis in groundwater quality using structural equation modeling. IntroductionGroundwater is the main source of fresh water in arid and semi-arid regions and is used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities. One-third of the worldwide population depends upon groundwater (Choubin et al. 2019;Li et al. 2021). Groundwater contamination majorly occurs due to anthropogenic and geogenic activities. The two inorganic ions arsenic and uoride in groundwater due to geogenic formation were identi ed as deleterious to human health. Of which uoride plays a dominant role than arsenic (Sajil Kumar et al. 2014). The range of uoride in groundwater, surface water, and seawater is 67 mg/L, < 0.1 mg/L, and 1.2-1.4 mg/L respectively (Yadav et al. 2019). According to World Health Organization, the permissible limit of uoride concentration in drinking water is not more than 1.5 mg/L (WHO 2022). The presence of uoride in drinking water reduces dental decay but an excessive level can lead to dental and skeletal uorosis, stooped backs, crooked hands and legs, blindness (Ayoob and Gupta 2006;Guissouma et al. 2017; Yadav et al. 2019). Due to activities such as the use of fertilizers in agricultural activity, industrial discharges, and municipal waste on land lls groundwater gets contaminated with uoride content. Other than anthropogenic activities uoride enters into groundwater through the dissolution of the hard rock region, which has compl...

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Hydrogeochemical and multivariate statistical approaches to investigate the characteristics of groundwater quality in fluoride-enriched hard rock region in Tirupathur district of Tamil Nadu, India

Nagaraj,

Masilamani

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…[14][15][16][17] The unique physical and chemical properties of graphite make it the main component of most industrial products and emerging technologies, such as semiconductors, fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, aircraft wings, nuclear, wind and solar energy. [15][16][17] Therefore, due to the similarity of the physical and chemical characteristics of natural graphite and commercial synthetic graphite, the most costeffective and expedient way is to use local natural graphite from local ores as a raw material for GO and RGO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, natural graphite, like commercial graphite, has a dark gray color with a metallic sheen, flakes are shaped due to the sheet-like arrangement of atoms in its structure and the distance between aromatic layers in the hexagonal graphite lattice is: d = 0.335 nm, diameter L a = 20 nm, layer height L c = 58 nm, density is 2.23 g/cm 3 . [14][15][16][17] The unique physical and chemical properties of graphite make it the main component of most industrial products and emerging technologies, such as semiconductors, fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, aircraft wings, nuclear, wind and solar energy. [15][16][17] Therefore, due to the similarity of the physical and chemical characteristics of natural graphite and commercial synthetic graphite, the most costeffective and expedient way is to use local natural graphite from local ores as a raw material for GO and RGO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of its technical, physical and chemical characteristics, natural flake‐like graphite is not inferior to commercial graphite obtained synthetically, therefore, it makes possible to synthesize high‐quality GO as well as its subsequent thermal reduction. In general, natural graphite, like commercial graphite, has a dark gray color with a metallic sheen, flakes are shaped due to the sheet‐like arrangement of atoms in its structure and the distance between aromatic layers in the hexagonal graphite lattice is: d=0.335 nm, diameter L a =20 nm, layer height L c =58 nm, density is 2.23 g/cm 3 [14–17] . The unique physical and chemical properties of graphite make it the main component of most industrial products and emerging technologies, such as semiconductors, fuel cells, lithium‐ion batteries, aircraft wings, nuclear, wind and solar energy [15–17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes From Local Kazakhstan Graphite “Ognevsky”

Kuanyshbekov,

Guseinov,

Tolepov

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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The properties of pure graphene and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are close, so thermal annealing is a simple, safe and more cost‐effective alternative, in comparison to other methods to produce graphene oxide (GO) on a significant scale. In this work, for the first time, for the production of GO and its membrane with subsequent thermal reduction, local Kazakhstan “Ognevsky” graphite was used as the initial raw material. The GO membrane was obtained by vacuum filtration and subjected to thermal annealing at various temperatures in a hydrogen atmosphere. It was noticed, that after the thermal recovery of GO membranes, their physical and chemical properties changed. This changes show the possibility of using GO new membranes as a potential material for sensitive elements, such kind of gas and humidity sensors. In this regard, GO and RGO membranes were studied by: SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, TGA and Raman spectroscopy. This work demonstrates a new and efficient strategy for manufacturing high performance RGO membranes from local raw materials.

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“…Sunkari et al [14] used factor analysis to transform original ion concentration data into a normal distribution, effectively explained the sourcing of groundwater ions. In recent years, based on GIS spatial interpolation analysis, some researchers studied the hydrochemical evolution process of underground aquifer, drew the hydrogeochemical action spatial map, and quantitatively described the hydrochemical spatial evolution process and control factors [15,16]. In summary, hydrochemical analysis, factor analysis, and GIS spatial analysis can be combined to describe the hydrogeochemical evolution process and its controlling factors; this provides important information about the hydrogeological background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Evolution and Control Mechanism of Underground Multiaquifer System in Coal Mine Area

Wang³

et al. 2020

Geofluids

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Mining activities interfere into the natural groundwater chemical environment, which may lead to hydrogeochemical changes of aquifers and mine water inrush disasters. The study of hydrogeochemical evolution processes of underground aquifers is helpful to the prevention and control of mine water inrush. The results show that the study area is mainly impacted by four hydrogeochemical processes: dissolution, cation exchange, desulfurization and reduction, and pyrite oxidation. The Cenozoic aquifers are dominated by carbonate dissolution and desulfurization. The Permian aquifers are impacted mainly by cation exchange and sulfate dissolution, followed by pyrite oxidation. The Carboniferous aquifers are mainly impacted by dissolving sulfate, followed by pyrite oxidation and cation exchange. The hydrogeochemical evolution of the aquifers was controlled by mining activities and tectonic changes, and a certain regularity in space. For the Cenozoic aquifers, sulfate dissolution and cation exchange increase from west to east, and desulfurization weakens. For the Permian aquifers, cation exchange and sulfate dissolution are stronger near synclines and faults, pyrite oxidation is enhanced, and desulfurization decreases from the middle to the east of the mining area. For the Carboniferous aquifers, there is a higher dissolution of rock salt, pyrite oxidation, and cation exchange from west to east, and the desulfurization effect weakens.

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Comparative Analysis of Fluoride Concentrations in Groundwaters in Northern and Southern Ghana: Implications for the Contaminant Sources

Cited by 47 publications

References 46 publications

Hydrogeochemical and multivariate statistical approaches to investigate the characteristics of groundwater quality in fluoride-enriched hard rock region in Tirupathur district of Tamil Nadu, India

Hydrogeochemical and multivariate statistical approaches to investigate the characteristics of groundwater quality in fluoride-enriched hard rock region in Tirupathur district of Tamil Nadu, India

Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes From Local Kazakhstan Graphite “Ognevsky”

Hydrogeochemical Evolution and Control Mechanism of Underground Multiaquifer System in Coal Mine Area

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