Comparative Analysis of Heart Regeneration: Searching for the Key to Heal the Heart—Part II: Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, among which ischemic heart disease is the most representative. Myocardial infarction results from occlusion of a coronary artery, which leads to an insufficient blood supply to the myocardium. As it is well known, the massive loss of cardiomyocytes cannot be solved due the limited regenerative ability of the adult mammalian hearts. In contrast, some lower vertebrate species can regenerate the heart after an injury; their study has disclosed some of the involved cell types, molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways during the regenerative process. In this ‘two parts’ review, we discuss the current state-of-the-art of the main response to achieve heart regeneration, where several processes are involved and essential for cardiac regeneration.

Inhibition of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 can prevent cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction

“…Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that ACP5 promotes the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation of CFs. Although studies have shown differences in ACP5 protein levels in CFs, other cells and effectors, such as extracellular vesicles (Morelli et al 2019 ) and non-coding RNAs (Castillo-Casas et al 2023 ; Jankauskas et al 2023 ), cannot be ruled out.…”