Comparative analysis of institutional and legal basis of marine and coastal management in the East Asian region

Centralization and decentralization: Evaluation of marine and coastal management models and performance in the Northwest Pacific Region

“…In 2008, President Lee Myung-bak withdrew the MOMAF and dispersed its functions among the Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs and the Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Food Affairs, thus weakening the central government's ocean leadership and control function (Liu et al, 2012). When Park Geun-hye came into power in 2013, she stated that the marine disputes with neighbouring countries needed to be resolved immediately, so she integrated marine-related functions and re-established the MOMAF.…”

“…Through an extensive literature review of indicators used in coastal management, 19 specific indicators were selected (six institutional arrangement and management indicators, four legal system indicators, six coastal environment indicators and three ocean economy indicators), which could reflect the degree to which these four main elements have been achieved (Lacerna et al, 2003;Liu et al, 2012;UNESCO, 2006;Ye et al, 2014;Ehler, 2003;Pomeroy and Carlos, 1997;Diedrich et al, 2010;Gallagher, 2010;Ernoul, 2010;PEMSEA, 2011;FAO, 2014). Among them, the quantified values of institutional arrangement and management indicators I 1 eI 6 , legal system indicators L 1 -L 4 and coastal environment indicator E 1 were scored based on the expert scoring method, the scoring criteria for indicators are listed in Table 4.…”

“…Lacerna et al (2003) evaluated the effectiveness of marine management institutional arrangements from the aspects of society, government and law, and they established an appropriate evaluation framework. Liu et al (2012) proposed 12 indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of the institutional arrangements of the MCM systems of four East Asian countries. Wakita and Yagi (2013) evaluated the Japanese Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan Development Guide and analysed the reasons for the poor implementation of the 2000 Guideline.…”

Institutional Mapping Towards Developing a Framework for Sustainable Marine Spatial Planning

“…As for certain institutions, the environmental issues might be addressed as management problems, as for others it might be a technical problems or social problems (Liu et al, 2012) , (Haley et al, 2011). Hence, without a proper guidelines on the roles and responsibilities to achieve the mutual understanding, the vision to systematic govern the marine spaces were never became reality.…”

“…Leading towards developing a framework of institutional strategic direction for sustainable marine spatial planning, it is best suggested to use the Institutional Analysis Framework. Furthermore, the implementation of Institutional Analysis as the method to study the legislative direction and relationship among marine institutions (Skurray, 2015;Zhang et al, 2014;Cárcamo et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2012 andOstrom, 2005;2010).…”