Comparative Analysis of Milk Triglycerides Profile between Jaffarabadi Buffalo and Holstein Friesian Cow

Abstract

Milk lipids are known for a variety of biological functions, however; little is known about compositional variation across breeds, especially for Jaffarabadi buffalo, an indigenous Indian breed. Systematic profiling of extracted milk lipids was performed by mass spectrometry across summer and winter in Holstein Friesian cow and Jaffarabadi buffalo. Extensive MS/MS spectral analysis for the identification (ID) of probable lipid species using software followed by manual verification and grading of each assigned lipid species enabled ID based on (a) parent ion, (b) head group, and (c) partial/full acyl characteristic ions for comparative profiling of triacylglycerols between the breeds. Additionally, new triacylglycerol species with short-chain fatty acids were reported by manual interpretation of MS/MS spectra and comparison with curated repositories. Collectively, 1093 triacylglycerol species belonging to 141 unique sum compositions between the replicates of both the animal groups were identified. Relative quantitation at sum composition level followed by statistical analyses revealed changes in relative abundances of triacylglycerol species due to breed, season, and interaction effect of the two. Significant changes in triacylglycerols were observed between breeds (81%) and seasons (59%). When the interaction effect is statistically significant, a higher number of triacylglycerols species in Jaffarabadi has lesser seasonal variation than Holstein Friesian.

Real-Time Profiling and Distinction of Lipids from Different Mammalian Milks Using Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry Combined with Chemometric Analysis

“…Different analytical techniques, such as near-infrared spectroscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have been used to recognize and identify the origins of different mammalian milks. − With the development of lipidomics, milk lipids are often used as an indicator for the detection of dairy food fraudulence, considering their abundance in milk. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry are the frequently used lipidomic methods. − Besides, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, especially rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS), circumvents the limitations of chromatographic separation methods. Featuring real-time, in situ, and high-throughput analysis with almost no sample pretreatment, this method has been widely employed in food traceability and food fraud identification, such as being used to distinguish between cod and oilfish, identify tuna species, and detect authenticity and adulteration of krill phospholipids with soybean phospholipids, etc. − However, REIMS has rarely been used in the classification and identification of milk so far.…”

“Omic” Approaches to Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Identification

“…The challenge in the analysis of bacterial lipids by the MALDI-TOF MS technique is the selection of an appropriate extraction method along with a suitable matrix to obtain the mass spectra of the best possible quality. The MBT Lipid Xtract™ kit (Bruker, Germany) is commercially available, which facilitates efficient sample preparation for microbial lipid analysis, as well as also SimLipid ® software (Premier Biosoft, Palo Alto, CA, USA, SimLipid v.6.05 software), compatible with Bruker systems [ 158 , 159 ]. Despite a significant progress in optimizing the sample preparation, a further development of bioinformatics resources is needed to make the lipid analysis user-friendly in clinical diagnostic settings, including building robust and accurate databases.…”

Development of a new Brazilian semi-hard (Coalho) Buffalo cheese made with the inclusion of cow milk and functional potential / Desenvolvimento de um novo queijo semiduro brasileiro (Coalho) de búfalo feito com a inclusão de leite de vaca e potencial funcional

“…The composition of buffalo milk showed similar values compared to others observed in the literature (Table 1). The higher total solids content, mainly attributed to a more significant amount of fat, positively impacts the sensory and economic characteristics of buffalo milk (Verma et al, 2020), and the high content of protein and minerals are essential characteristics for the production of milk derivatives. These parameters can be associated with a higher yield in cheese production (Franceschi et al, 2020).…”

“…In addition to the amount of fat, the lipid profile also differs between the milk of both species and, according to Verma et al (2020) only in buffalo milk and 170 only in cow milk. Buffalo milk has higher percentages of short-and long-chain fatty acids when compared to cow milk and is thus related to more beneficial health characteristics (Khan et al, 2017), which is a desirable feature for health-conscious consumers.…”