Comparative Analysis of Pedestrian, Bicycle and Car Traffic Moving in Circuits

Zhang, Jun; Mehner, Wolfgang; Andresen, Erik; Höll, Stefan; Boltes, Maik; Schadschneider, Andreas; Seyfried, Armin

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.209

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus different to our approach in the paper density=1 marks the theoretically maximum density not the actual one. Please note the comments in [46] why densities larger 1 have been measured for pedestrians. The gray curve is our approximation to car data.…”

Section: Summary -Discussion -Conclusion -Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently a comparison has been done between the speed-density diagrams of one-dimensional, uni-directional car, bike, and pedestrian traffic [46,47]. For this the already referenced data for pedestrians has been used, new data for cycling dynamics has been gathered and existing data from an experiment on vehicular dynamics [48,49] has been added.…”

Section: Comparison To Empirical Data Of Pedestrians Cyclists and Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Inflection Point of the Speed-Density Relation and the Social Force Model

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been argued that the speed-density diagram of pedestrian movement has an inflection point [1] (p. 3, "Domain I: ... At low densities there is a small and increasing decline of the velocity ... Domain III: ... For growing density the velocity remains nearly constant."). This inflection point was found empirically in investigations of closed-loop single-file pedestrian movement.The reduced complexity of single-file movement does not only allow a higher precision for the evaluation of empirical data, but it also significantly simplifies analytical considerations. This is especially true if one assumes homogeneous conditions, i.e. neglects temporal variations (consider time averages, neglect stop-and-go waves), individual differences of pedestrians (all simulated pedestrians have identical parameters) and investigates only steady-state (not the initial phase). As will be shown in this contribution one then can make a transition from the microscopic to a continuous and macroscopic perspective.Building on that it will be shown that certain (common) variants of the Social Force Model (SFM) do not produce an inflection point in the speed-density diagram if -assuming periodic boundary conditions -infinitely many pedestrians contribute to the force computed for one pedestrian. It will furthermore be shown that if -in said 1d movement situation -one only considers nearest neighbors for the computation of the interpedestrian forces the Social Force Model in the continuous description results in the so called Kladek formula for the speed-density relation. Since the Kladek formula exhibits the desired inflection point this observation is used as a motivation for an extension of the Social Force Model which allows to transform the continuous description of the SFM continuously to the Kladek formula and which also exhibits the inflection point in the speed density relation. It will be shown then, that this extended SFM yields astonishingly similar speed density relations as the original SFM when only a fixed limited number of (nearest) pedestrians are considered in the computation of the inter-pedestrian force. Finally it will be discussed, if also the description of the speed-density diagram for (motorized, four-wheel) vehicular and/or bicycle traffic could benefit from these measures.

show abstract

Section: Summary -Discussion -Conclusion -Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison To Empirical Data Of Pedestrians Cyclists and Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inflection Point of the Speed-Density Relation and the Social Force Model

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…e flow characteristics of the bicycle and motorised traffic are comparable under certain conditions [9]. Similar concepts such as speed, flow, and density relations can be used to describe the flow on a macroscopic level [10]. Typical characteristics are capacity, critical density, and jam density, among others.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Jam Density and Merging Cyclists on the Queue Discharge Rate

Wierbos

Knoop

Goñi-Ros

et al. 2020

Journal of Advanced Transportation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An increasing number of people use the bicycle for urban trips resulting in local congestion at intersections, especially during peak hours. Understanding the queue dynamics is key to find the correct measures that can reduce the delays for cyclists without affecting other traffic modes. To this end, the discharge process of bicycle queues is studied, focusing on the impact of jam density on the queue discharge rate and how this process is affected by cyclists that merge into the queue during the discharge phase. The impact of merging cyclists is captured by a newly introduced bicycle equivalent (BE) value. This direction-specific BE value is used to convert a merging cyclist into a cyclist that is waiting in the original queue. Results show that the queue discharge rate increases with increasing density of the queue. Furthermore, cyclists that merge by overtaking contribute to the queue discharge rate, while cyclists who merge from a perpendicular direction hinder the discharge process, thereby decreasing the bicycle flow at the intersection. The insights can be used to develop measures which minimise delay at intersections and to design efficient infrastructure for bicyclists.

show abstract

“…[21,30] carried out SFM experiment in China to investigate the characteristics of pedestrians. The experiments have not just been limited to the pedestrians, [31] compared the fundamental diagram of bicycle traffic with that of pedestrian and car traffic in closed loop circuit. The next section discusses the experimental setup for a SFM study.…”

Section: Controlled Single File Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Pedestrian Data of Single File Movement Collected from Controlled Pedestrian Experiment and from Field in Mass Religious Gathering

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Managing and controlling crowd during mass religious gathering is a challenge for organizers. With good computational capabilities, it is possible to create tools to simulate crowd in real time to aid crowd management. These tools need to be first calibrated and validated with pedestrian empirical data. The empirical data collection from field is difficult and therefore, data collection through controlled pedestrian experiments have become a convenient substitute. However, the ability of experiment data to reproduce actual crowd behavior needs to be examined. This study compared the experiment data with field data collected from mass religious gathering named Kumbh Mela held in India, 2016. The single file movement (pedestrians moving along a single line; SFM) experiment was conducted and its results were compared with the field SFM results. The speed in the field was found to be generally higher than in the experiment for a given density. The results clearly indicate that the pedestrians in the field are motivated to achieve a purpose but participants in the experiments lack the motivation. The pedestrian dynamics of the experiment was found to be different from the field. Hence, the results of pedestrian experiments should not be extrapolated to understand panic, crowd risk situations.

show abstract

Comparative Analysis of Pedestrian, Bicycle and Car Traffic Moving in Circuits

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

The Inflection Point of the Speed-Density Relation and the Social Force Model

The Inflection Point of the Speed-Density Relation and the Social Force Model

The Influence of Jam Density and Merging Cyclists on the Queue Discharge Rate

Comparison of Pedestrian Data of Single File Movement Collected from Controlled Pedestrian Experiment and from Field in Mass Religious Gathering

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About