Comparative analysis of proliferative and multilineage differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells from maxillary and mandibular molars

Abstract

Background: Clinical experience indicates that wounds in alveolar bone and periodontal tissue heal faster and more efficiently in the maxilla compared with the mandible. Since stem cells are known to have a decisive influence on wound healing and tissue regeneration, the aim of this study was to determine whether differences in proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) from upper (u-PDLSC) and lower jaw (l-PDLSC) contribute to the enhanced wound healing in the maxilla. Methods: u-PDLSC and l-PDLSC from the same donor were harvested from the periodontal ligament of extracted human maxillary and mandibular third molars. Cell differentiation potential was assessed by analyzing stem cell markers, proliferation rate, and multilineage differentiation among each other and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Successful differentiation of PDLSC and MSC toward osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes was analyzed via reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histochemical staining (Alizarin Red, Oil Red O, Toluidine Blue).Results: u-PDLSC and l-PDLSC expressed the MSC-markers CD73 + , CD90 + , and CD105 + and lacked expression of CD34 − and CD45 − . Proliferation was significantly higher in u-PDLSC than in l-PDLSC, regardless of the culture conditions. Osteogenic (ALP, RunX2, and osteocalcin) and chondrogenic (SOX9 and ACAN) related gene expression as well as staining intensities were significantly Sinan Mert and Hanna Malyaran contributed equally to this work.

Identifying differences in molecular characteristics relevant for remodelling of periodontal ligament stem cells from upper and lower jaw

“…When comparing the proliferation rate of u-PDLSC and l-PDLSC it was shown that u-PDLSC have a signi cantly higher proliferation, regardless of the culture conditions. These results are in line with our previous ndings [14]. Differentiation capacity towards osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes were tested to ensure stem cell-like behavior.…”

“…These vacuoles can only be seen for u-PDLSC but not for l-PDLSC. However, as compared to other MSC sources, PDLSC have a lower adipogenic differentiation capacity, which was already shown in other studies [14,42,43]. Our results also suggested that u-PDLSC have a better chondrogenic differentiation capability than l-PDLSC according to Toluidine blue staining of proteoglycans after 21 days.…”

“…Furthermore, stem cell properties of PDLSC isolated from third molars of maxilla and mandible show intrinsic differences in proliferation and plasticity [14]. Aside from cellular variations between the upper and lower jaws, there are also distinctions in diseases that are more relevant or more characteristic for the mandible.…”

Isolation, identification and osteogenic capability analysis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different layers of human maxillary sinus membrane

“…MSCs from various tissues possess different differentiation abilities (Costa et al, 2021; El‐Sayed et al, 2015; Mert et al, 2023). Designing treatment strategies according to the biological characteristics of MSCs from different tissues could be helpful for improving the efficiency of tissue reconstruction.…”

“…MSCs from various tissues possess different differentiation abilities (Costa et al, 2021;El-Sayed et al, 2015;Mert et al, 2023).…”