Comparative analysis of smokeless gunpowders by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy

Lopez‐López, María; Ferrando, Jose Luis; García-Ruiz, Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.022

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These results further support the hypothesis that GSR has the potential to be linked to a specific type of ammunition. Additional characterization of unburnt ammunition propellant was performed with both Raman and IR spectroscopy . Discriminant analysis successfully differentiated spectra collected from single (containing nitrocellulose) and double (containing nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin) based gunpowder.…”

Section: Trace Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional characterization of unburnt ammunition propellant was performed with both Raman and IR spectroscopy. [80] Discriminant analysis successfully differentiated spectra collected from single (containing nitrocellulose) and double (containing nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin) based gunpowder. This research may also aid in the identification of unknown, unburnt propellant mixtures.…”

Section: Gsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What can Raman spectroscopy do for criminalistics?

Doty

Muro

Bueno

et al. 2015

J Raman Spectroscopy

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For decades Raman spectroscopy has been used as a specialized tool in a variety of fields. Forensic science is one discipline in particular that has greatly benefited from the application of Raman spectroscopic research. Here, studies using Raman spectroscopy for analyzing criminalistic evidence, including body fluids, human tissue, bones, gunshot residue, fibers, and hair, are reviewed. Many of these methods demonstrate the significance of incorporating chemometrics for data analysis to provide more reliable and quantitative results with associated errors. Currently, there are only a few branches of forensic science that use Raman spectroscopy in practice, despite its wide range of advantages. However, many more applications have been developed in the research setting and are presented here. These studies showcase the versatility and dependability of Raman spectroscopy, specifically for criminalistic purposes. The advantages of developing and transitioning these techniques to be used in practice are also discussed, including the tremendous benefits of portable instrumentation. Raman spectroscopy can easily become an established analytical technique for many criminalistics disciplines because it allows for obtaining real‐time, rapid, impartial, statistically confident results. Consequently, the improvements to forensic science as a whole will be revolutionary. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Trace Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

What can Raman spectroscopy do for criminalistics?

Doty

Muro

Bueno

et al. 2015

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…However, the potential sources of error in real case scenarios may arise from the evidence having been contaminated by perchlorate, which would lead to the underestimation of hydrogen peroxide. López-López et al 154 analyzed thirty-three solutions of different types of nitrocellulose based gunpowder (single-base with and without dinitrotoluene, double-base containing nitroglycerin and triple-base) by FTIR and confocal Raman spectroscopy (laser excitation 532 nm). Visual comparison of the FTIR and Raman spectra allowed differentiation only with the gun powders containing dinitrotoluene and with the triple-base gunpowders.…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in Forensic Chemistry: Critical Review, Current Trends and Challenges

Silva¹,

Braz²,

Pimentel³

2019

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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The present manuscript makes an extensive review of the scientific approaches developed in the last decade involving infrared and Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for solving several issues in the investigation of the most relevant forensic traces, such as questioned documents and currency, explosives, gunshot residues, illicit drugs and body fluids. In addition, current trends, main challenges and the adequate use of several chemometric techniques are discussed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was found to be the most used technique. This unsupervised approach, however, has sometimes been misunderstood as a classification technique. Discriminant analysis techniques are widely employed, leaving a range of possibilities for application of class-modeling techniques, particularly in cases of problems regarding only one target class. In addition, increasingly complex dataset structures frequently require nonlinear approaches or flexible techniques such as multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). Results reporting, however, still lack reliable quality parameters and sample representativeness, posing a significant challenge to the solution of forensic problems. Regarding the analytical techniques, Raman has been playing an important role, especially in the area of questioned documents and of body fluids. Portable and hyperspectral imaging infrared spectrometers have also been showing significant potential in forensic applications.

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“…Several analytical techniques have been used for the qualitative and/or quantitative detection of smokeless powders, either in their pre-and/or post-blast forms [9,10], including highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [17][18][19], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [8,[20][21][22], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [23], gas chromatography (GC) [12,14,24], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [25,26], ion m o b i l i t y s p e c t r o m e t r y ( I M S ) [ 2 7 ] , s o l i d -p h a s e microextraction-ion mobility spectrometry (SPME)-IMS [12,28], (nano)electrospray ionization (nESI)-tandem mass spectrometry [29][30][31], laser electrospray-mass spectrometry (LEMS) [15,32], desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI) [33,34], direct analysis in real timemass spectrometry (DART-MS) [35], time-of-flight secondary ion-mass spectrometry (ToF-MS) [36] and Raman spectroscopy [23,37]. Most of the abovementioned techniques require time-consuming sample preparation step(s)-exception of DESI and DART-or if not, they require complicated setups, such as the use of lasers as the means for sample vaporization (LEMS) or heated purified gases (DART).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Direct Injection Soft Chemical Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Pre-blast Smokeless Powder Organic Additives

González-Méndez

Mayhew

2019

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Analysis of smokeless powders is of interest from forensics and security perspectives. This article reports the detection of smokeless powder organic additives (in their pre-detonation condition), namely the stabiliser diphenylamine and its derivatives 2-nitrodiphenylamine and 4nitrodiphenylamine, and the additives (used both as stabilisers and plasticisers) methyl centralite and ethyl centralite, by means of swab sampling followed by thermal desorption and direct injection soft chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry. Investigations on the product ions resulting from the reactions of the reagent ions H 3 O + and O 2 + with additives as a function of reduced electric field are reported. The method was comprehensively evaluated in terms of linearity, sensitivity and precision. For H 3 O + , the limits of detection (LoD) are in the range of 41-88 pg of additive, for which the accuracy varied between 1.5 and 3.2%, precision varied between 3.7 and 7.3% and linearity showed R 2 ≥ 0.9991. For O 2 + , LoD are in the range of 72 to 1.4 ng, with an accuracy of between 2.8 and 4.9% and a precision between 4.5 and 8.6% and R 2 ≥ 0.9914. The validated methodology was applied to the analysis of commercial pre-blast gun powders from different manufacturers.Research Highlights • Use of direct injection soft chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry for smokeless powder organic additive analysis

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Comparative analysis of smokeless gunpowders by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

What can Raman spectroscopy do for criminalistics?

What can Raman spectroscopy do for criminalistics?

Vibrational Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in Forensic Chemistry: Critical Review, Current Trends and Challenges

Applications of Direct Injection Soft Chemical Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Pre-blast Smokeless Powder Organic Additives

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