Comparative analysis of structure and mechanical properties of porous PEEK and UHMWPE biomimetic scaffolds

Сенатов, Ф.С.; Chubrik, A.; Maksimkin, Aleksey V.; Kolesnikov, Еvgeny; Salimon, Alexey I.

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2018.12.055

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Most porous PEEK monoliths were produced using gas blowing, [ 14,19,35 ] particulate leaching [ 16,20,36,37 ] or solvent exchange/gel preparation. [ 29,38–40 ] Using our TIPS process we were able to produce porous PEEK with a porosity of 74 ± 3% and a foam density of 0.36 ± 0.04 g cm −3 without the need for blowing agents, high pressure and temperatures exceeding the melting point of PEEK.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, our porous PEEK possessed excellent mechanical properties (E‐modulus = 97 ± 20 MPa) when compared to the scarce literature data ( Figure A,B). Using the particulate leaching method the porosity of PEEK foams can be controlled; foams with lower porosities have higher moduli [ 36 ] and vice versa [ 16 ] (Figure 3A). Our data point fits this trend.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐Performance Polymer Foams by Thermally Induced Phase Separation

Rusakov

Menner

Bismarck

2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Porous polymers, with their combination of low density, high surface area, and good insulation properties, have found many applications in the modern world for instance as insulation materials, [8] in composites [9] and as membranes. [10] Only a few examples of porous PEEK membranes and fibers [11,12] or foam monoliths [29] prepared by a temperature induced liquidliquid phase separation or phase inversion process were reported. Most other examples of porous high performance polymer foams were produced by chemical or physical (gas) blowing [13,14] or particulate leaching. [15,16] However, the bulk production of PEEK and PEKK foams, and to a lesser degree PEI foams [17,18] is still a huge challenge. Gas blowing and particulate leaching methods have limitations restricting their suitability for high performance polymers, because of the small processing window for semicrystalline polymers [19] and high temperature and pressure requirements. [16,20,21] Another possible approach to access high performance polymer foams uses polymer particles to stabilize either high internal phase emulsions [22] or foams, [23] which are subsequently dried and sintered. However, a major disadvantage of this method is the massive shrinkage of emulsion template and green body during drying and sintering.The method to produce high performance porous polymers used by us is based on the commonly used thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique, which makes use of polymer solubility gradients at various temperatures. [24,25] A polymer is initially dissolved in a solvent at a specific temperature until a homogeneous solution is obtained and then, the temperature is decreased either rapidly or at a specific rate until solid-liquid or liquid-liquid demixing occurs. During demixing a polymer-rich and polymer-poor phase form and thus after removal of the solvent, typically by drying, a porous material is obtained from the polymer rich phase. The solvent can be reused for the next process.Here we present a high temperature TIPS method to produce high porosity, macroporous high-performance polymer foams with controllable pore morphology. PEEK, PEKK, and PEI were used to demonstrate the versatility of this method. 4-Phenylphenol (4PPH) was used as a universal aprotic, high boiling solvent (melting point +166 °C, boiling point +321 °C) for all three polymers. One major advantage of this solvent is that it can easily be recycled and, therefore, the environmental impact can be reduced. Under laboratory conditions we managed to recover and reuse between 80% and 90% of 4PPH. Foam density, surface area, pore morphology and the mechanical properties in compression of the resulting foams will be investigated.Macroporous, low-density polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, and polyetherimide foams are produced using a high-temperature, thermally induced phase separation method. A high-boiling-point solvent, which is suitable to dissolve at least 20 wt% of these high-performance polymers at temperatures above 250 °C, is identified. The foam morpho...

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Polymer Foams by Thermally Induced Phase Separation

Rusakov

Menner

Bismarck

2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…New bone materials, such as PVA-H [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] and UHMWPE, with a high modulus of elasticity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties, were studied systematically and in depth [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is the most common material used for the artificial joint bearing component, with the advantage of unique characteristics and favorable properties, such as biocompatibility, chemical stability, high wear resistance, and low friction [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, the low hydrophilicity and mechanics properties of UHMWPE easily lead to artificial joint replacement failure [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Functionalized Activated Nanocarbon Composites with Improved Biocompatibility

Fan

Xiuqin

et al. 2021

Materials

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Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) materials have been prevalent joint replacement materials for more than 45 years because of their excellent biocompatibility and wear resistance. In this study, functionalized activated nanocarbon (FANC) was prepared by grafting maleic anhydride polyethylene onto acid-treated activated nanocarbon. A novel porous UHMWPE composite was prepared by incorporating the appropriate amount of FANC and pore-forming agents during the hot-pressing process for medical UHMWPE powder. The experimental results showed that the best prepared porous UHMWPE/FANC exhibited appropriate tensile strength, porosity, and excellent hydrophilicity, with a contact angle of 65.9°. In vitro experiments showed that the porous UHMWPE/FANC had excellent biocompatibility, which is due to its porous structure and hydrophilicity caused by FANC. This study demonstrates the potential viability for our porous UHMWPE/FANC to be used as cartilage replacement material for biomedical applications.

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“…Nondegradable polymers have mechanical properties that are closer to native bone with a compressive modulus ranging from 0.14 to 8.21 GPa and compressive strength ranging from 25 to 200 MPa depending on the scaffold porosity. [ 60 ] They are also biocompatible (Table 1). [ 61 ] Similarly to other polymers, they are radiolucent, [ 62 ] which makes them easy to image and compatible with histological imaging (Table 1).…”

Section: Synthetic Bone Graft Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Material Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration: Toward Application in the Clinics

Garot

Bettega

Picart

2020

Adv Funct Materials

139

105

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Additive manufacturing (AM) allows the fabrication of customized bone scaffolds in terms of shape, pore size, material type, and mechanical properties. Combined with the possibility to obtain a precise 3D image of the bone defects using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, it is now possible to manufacture implants for patient‐specific bone regeneration. This paper reviews the state‐of‐the‐art of the different materials and AM techniques used for the fabrication of 3D‐printed scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering. Their advantages and drawbacks are highlighted. For materials, specific criteria, are extracted from a literature study: biomimetism to native bone, mechanical properties, biodegradability, ability to be imaged (implantation and follow‐up period), histological performances, and sterilization process. AM techniques can be classified in three major categories: extrusion‐based, powder‐based, and vat photopolymerization. Their price, ease of use, and space requirement are analyzed. Different combinations of materials/AM techniques appear to be the most relevant depending on the targeted clinical applications (implantation site, presence of mechanical constraints, temporary or permanent implant). Finally, some barriers impeding the translation to human clinics are identified, notably the sterilization process.

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Comparative analysis of structure and mechanical properties of porous PEEK and UHMWPE biomimetic scaffolds

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

High‐Performance Polymer Foams by Thermally Induced Phase Separation

High‐Performance Polymer Foams by Thermally Induced Phase Separation

Porous Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Functionalized Activated Nanocarbon Composites with Improved Biocompatibility

Additive Manufacturing of Material Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration: Toward Application in the Clinics

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