Comparative analysis of the immediate results of the off-pump versus on-pump myocardial revascularization in the elderly patients

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate efficacy and safety of surgical myocardial revascularization with two internal thoracic arteries in the elderly patients and to identify special aspects and immediate results of the interventions on a working heart and with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and on a working heart.Materials and methods: This retrospective single center study included patients over 65 years of age with multivessel coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with two internal thoracic arteries in a working heart without cardiopulmonary bypass at the Federal Clinical Center of High Medical Technologies of FMBA of Russia from 2015 to 2017 (the study group, n=50) and with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia (the comparison group, n=51). We analyzed demographic characteristics, preoperative state severity, and special aspects of myocardial damage, operational parameters, rates, and structure of postoperative complications.Results: None of the patients died. Median intraoperative parameters in the study group were better than those in the comparison group: blood loss, 300 vs. 800 mL (p<0.001), duration of the surgery, 190 and 240 min (p<0.001), duration of mechanical ventilation, 3 and 5 hours (p<0.001), respectively. Early postoperative acute renal failure was less frequent in the patients who had undergone surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass (median serum creatinine levels 90 vs. 125 µmol/L (p<0.001)). Postoperative complications were observed in the group of patients operated with cardiopulmonary bypass: three cases of acute cerebrovascular accidents (stroke) and one deep wound infection of the sternum. Mean duration of the hospital stay in the patients operated on a working heart without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass was 7 days versus 9 in the comparison group.Conclusion: Myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with lower rates of postoperative complications, decreased duration of the procedure, decreased blood loss, time on mechanical ventilation and acute renal failure rate, which all results in decreased duration of hospital stay. Bimammary myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass could be the method of choice in the elderly patients.