“…However, despite their known properties, the molecular mechanisms behind their antimicrobial activity are not fully determined or understood. In an attempt to answer this question, in the last decade, a vast number of studies have been conducted [ 205 , 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 , 215 , 216 , 217 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 224 , 225 , 226 , 227 , 228 , 229 , 230 , 231 , 232 , 233 , 234 , 235 , 236 , 237 , 238 , 239 , 240 , 241 , 242 ]. In these studies, mostly AgNPs (72% of studies) but also other metal and metal oxide NPs, such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) (10%) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) (5%)—and also gold, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, manganese and titanium nanoparticles (AuNPs, FeONPs, MgONPs, Mn and TiO 2 NPs) (3% each)—were used against Gram-negative (77%) and Gram-positive (38%) bacteria and against fungi (5%).…”