Comparative analysis of the natriuretic peptide precursor gene cluster in vertebrates reveals loss of ANF and retention of CNP‐3 in chicken

Abstract

We identified and characterized the chicken natriuretic peptide precursor gene cluster and found its organization to be highly conserved compared with the mammalian Nppb-Nppa cluster. However, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the putative chicken natriuretic peptide precursor genes are the homologues of CNP-3 and Nppb, respectively. Comparative expression analysis revealed that, in human, mouse, and rat hearts, Nppb is a novel marker for the differentiating working myocardium. Its expression pattern is strikingly similar to that of Nppa before birth, and diverges only after birth. In contrast, whereas the chicken Nppb gene expression profile resembled that of mammalian Nppb, the CNP-3 gene showed very limited expression in the heart, not resembling the pattern of either Nppa or Nppb. These results show that, in chicken, the Nppa gene has been lost from the natriuretic peptide precursor gene cluster, whereas the CNP-3 gene has been retained.

C‐type natriuretic peptide regulation of limb mesenchymal chondrogenesis is accompanied by altered N‐cadherin and collagen type X‐related functions

“…The ligand of this receptor, CNP, on the other hand, has been suggested to act through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism, since the blood levels of this protein are very low . In situ hybridization analysis of spatial CNP-3 expression within the developing chick limb bud at HH stage 36 revealed its main expression within the mesenchyme deep to the dermis outside the chondrogenic mesenchymal chore region [Houweling et al, 2005]. RT-PCR results at mRNA level shown in this study support this information from the literature.…”

“…A recent study has identified and characterized the chicken natriuretic peptide precursor gene cluster and found its organization to be highly conserved compared with the mammalian Nppb-Nppa cluster [Houweling et al, 2005]. However, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the putative chicken natriuretic peptide precursor genes are the homologues of CNP-3 and Nppb, respectively [Houweling et al, 2005]. In addition, the amino acid sequence of chicken CNP-3 shows high homology to that of human CNP [Houweling et al, 2005].…”

“…C-type natriuretic peptide is the product of a single gene, natriuretic peptide precursor C (Nppc), with a chromosomal location of 2 q24-qter . A recent study has identified and characterized the chicken natriuretic peptide precursor gene cluster and found its organization to be highly conserved compared with the mammalian Nppb-Nppa cluster [Houweling et al, 2005]. However, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the putative chicken natriuretic peptide precursor genes are the homologues of CNP-3 and Nppb, respectively [Houweling et al, 2005].…”

“…However, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the putative chicken natriuretic peptide precursor genes are the homologues of CNP-3 and Nppb, respectively [Houweling et al, 2005]. In addition, the amino acid sequence of chicken CNP-3 shows high homology to that of human CNP [Houweling et al, 2005].…”

Identification of a regulatory domain controlling the Nppa-Nppb gene cluster during heart development and stress

“…Both genes are also expressed in the adult heart (Cameron et al, 1996;Houweling et al, 2005) but Nppa is downregulated in the ventricles around birth to become restricted to the atria and the ventricular conduction system (Moorman and Christoffels, 2003). Both genes are strongly induced in the ventricles by stress and heart failure, and have become reliable clinical and experimental biomarkers for the severity of hypertrophy and heart failure (Guo et al, 2011;Sergeeva et al, 2014;Troughton et al, 2014).…”