Comparative Analysis of Theoretical, Observational, and Modeled Deformation of Ground Subsidence: The Case of the Alhada Pb-Zn Mine

Abstract

In this study, the probability integral method, Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR), and the Okada dislocation model were collaboratively used to analyze deformation in the Alhada Pb-Zn mine. The predicted deformation values of the subsidence centers in three subsidence areas were 107 mm, 120 mm, and 83 mm, respectively, as predicted using the probability integral method. The coherent scatterer InSAR technique was used to analyze the time-series deformation of the mining area, and the same subsidence center locations and similar deformation values were observed. The Okada dislocation model was used to invert the optimal parameters of the underground-mining ore body causing the surface subsidence, indicating that the surface subsidence is mainly caused by the mining of ore bodies in the 888 and 848 middle sections. We further simulated ground deformation using the multi-source Okada model. The results showed that the predicted and modeled deformations are highly correlated with the observed deformation. Through the analysis and comparison of the InSAR results, it was concluded that the three subsidence areas do not threaten the stability of the main buildings in the mining area. Using theoretical, observational, and modeling methods, the development and evolution of the subsidence area in mines can be established, which could provide basic data for subsidence control work and guarantee mine production safety.

Study on the Movement of Overlying Rock Strata and Surface Movement in Mine Goaf under Different Treatment Methods Based on PS-InSAR Technology

“…Figure 3 depicts the distribution of PS output results along with their corresponding PS points. For the purpose of ensuring the accuracy of monitoring results, numerous scholars [12,27,30,44,45,[53][54][55][56][57] have conducted comparisons between monitoring results and leveling measurement values, GPS, GNSS, D-InSAR, and SBAS-InSAR monitoring values, to validate their precision. If the disparities between these two sets of results are minimal and essentially consistent, it can be inferred that the monitoring is feasible.…”

“…Although these methods offer high accuracy monitoring levels, they are limited in terms of comprehensively monitoring point quantity and fail to depict subsidence characteristics within mining areas. With the continuous advancement of remote sensing technology, novel approaches such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technologies have emerged for surface deformation monitoring [12][13][14][15][16][17]. InSAR technology possesses numerous advantages, including all-weather capability, highprecision measurements, cost-effectiveness, and wide monitoring coverage.…”

Life Cycle Mining Deformation Monitoring and Analysis Using Sentinel-1 and Radarsat-2 InSAR Time Series

“…As the exploitation map is unknown, we used a horizontal rectangular sill with uniform opening to simulate surface deformation, equivalent to the total mining impact. Specifically, according to the dislocation theory in the halfspace, the surface displacement field caused by the opening component can be expressed as follows [29]:…”

“…These InSAR-based deformation measurements can also be used to probe the geometry and process of mining activities. He et al (2022) used the multi-source Okada model, a dislocation model for shear and tensile fault motions in an elastic half-space [29], to simulate ground deformation obtained using the coherent scatterer InSAR technique. The results showed that the predicted and observed deformations were highly correlated, with an overall misfit of less than 5 cm [30].…”

Surface deformation monitoring and analysis using PS-inSAR in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture

“…Recent studies by Chen [7] ,Liu [8] ,Wang [9] ,He [10] , and Feng [11] have demonstrated the efficacy of PS-InSAR in diverse applications, ranging from mining subsidence detection to landslide monitoring and seismic event analysis. These studies showcase the versatility of PS-InSAR in capturing spatial and temporal variations in surface deformation, providing a foundation for our exploration in the unique setting of the Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture.…”