Comparative Analysis of Trifluoracetic Acid Pretreatment for Lignocellulosic Materials

Abstract

Lignocellulosic materials are usually processed toward C5 and C6 corresponding sugars. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a pretreatment method to solubilize hemicellulose to sugars such xylose without degrading cellulose. However, this pretreatment has not been compared to other processes. Thus, this paper focuses on the techno-economic comparison of the C5–C6 production of C5–C6 as raw materials platforms using non-centrifuged sugarcane bagasse (NCSB) and Pinus patula wood chips (PP). Hydrolysates using TFA 2.5 M as an acid were characterized through HPLC regarding arabinose, galactose glucose, xylose, and mannose sugars. Then, simulations of the processes according to the experimental results were done. The economic assessment was performed, and compared with some common pretreatments. The mass and energy balances of the simulations indicate that the process can be compared with other pretreatments. From the economic perspective, the main operating expenditures (OpEx) are related to raw materials and capital depreciation due to the cost of TFA corrosion issues. The processes showed a CapEx and OpEx of 0.99 MUSD and 6.59 M-USD/year for NCSB, and 0.97 MUSD and 4.37 MUSD/year for PP, considering a small-scale base (1 ton/h). TFA pretreatment is innovative and promising from a techno-economic perspective.

Composition of Lignocellulose Hydrolysate in Different Biorefinery Strategies: Nutrients and Inhibitors

“…Acid hydrolysis is one of the most common pretreatment methods, mainly relying on inorganic acids (such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, or nitric acid) or organic acids (such as formic acid, maleic acid, or oxalic acid) [61,68,89,90]. Initially, acid molecules cause the breakdown of the glucosidic bonds between cellulose and hemicelluloses, and hydrolyze hemicelluloses partially or completely into monosaccharides or smaller oligosaccharides.…”

“…For example, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) can obtain soluble sugars such as xylose from hemicelluloses with celluloses undegraded. Due to the easy recyclability of TFA, an additional detoxification stage is not necessary [68]. Levulinic acid (Lev) is another eco-friendly organic acid for pretreatment and can also prevent the lignins from re-polymerization [94].…”

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