Comparative Analysis on Blossom-end Rot Incidence in Two Tomato Cultivars in Relation to Calcium Nutrition and Fruit Growth

Vinh, Tran Duy; Yoshida, Yuichi; Ooyama, Mitsuo; Goto, Tanjuro; Yasuba, Ken‐ichiro; Tanaka, Yoshiyuki

doi:10.2503/hortj.okd-114

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The option of un-whitened cover was not considered because 100% of commercial greenhouses naturally ventilated in Almería use whitening [19]. Furthermore, an un-whitened greenhouse at the beginning of the crop cycle could risk the viability of the tomato crop as a consequence of plant photoinhibition [29][30][31] or physiological disorders [34][35][36][37][38] produced by excessive radiation and extreme temperatures. Application of the different doses consisted of increasing the concentration of the mass of CaCO 3 (kg) diluted in a volume of water (L).…”

Section: Crop System and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, inside the greenhouses, there are stressful thermal regimes and atmospheres of high evaporative demand, which negatively affect crop growth and reduce the quantity and quality of the harvests [32]. Blossom-end rot (BER) in tomato has been generally reported as a calcium-related physiological disorder influenced by cultivar and environmental factors [33][34][35]. Temperature is the major climatic factor inducing blossom-end rot (BER) that impacts on fruit enlargement [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Cover Whitening Concentrations on the Microclimate and on the Development and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Inside Mediterranean Greenhouses

et al. 2020

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This work analyzes the influence of whitening a greenhouse roof on the microclimate and yield of a tomato crop. In the west sectors of two multi-span greenhouses, a whitening concentration of 0.250 kg L−1 was used as a control. In an autumn–winter cycle, a lower (0.125 kg L−1) and an increased (0.500 kg L−1) concentration were used in the east sectors of greenhouses 1 and 2. In a spring–summer cycle, the whitening concentrations in the east were varied depending on outside temperature. The effect of whitening on photosynthetic activity, production, plants’ morphological parameters, and the quality of the fruits were also analyzed. To evaluate the effect on microclimate, solar and photosynthetically active (PAR) radiations, air and soil temperatures, and heat flux in the soil were measured in greenhouse 1. Results show that excessive whitening leads to reductions of inside PAR radiation that decreases photosynthesis and crop yield. A whitening concentration of 0.500 kg L−1 is proposed at the beginning of the autumn–winter crop cycle, washing the cover when inside temperature drops to 35 °C. At the end of the spring–summer cycle, a concentration of 0.125 kg L−1 is recommended when inside temperature increases to 35 °C.

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Section: Crop System and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cover Whitening Concentrations on the Microclimate and on the Development and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Inside Mediterranean Greenhouses

et al. 2020

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“…A disorder in cell calcium metabolism can cause apple bitter pit 5 , brown spot disease 6 , and cock spot in Pyrus serotina 7 . In vegetable crops, tomato umbilical rot is also caused by a calcium metabolism disorder 8 . These physiological disorders severely degrade fruit quality and cause serious economic losses to growers 2,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loading calcium fluorescent probes into protoplasts to detect calcium in the flesh tissue cells of Malus domestica

Qiu

Wang

2020

Hortic Res

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Cytosolic Ca 2+ plays a key role in signal transduction in plants. Calcium imaging is the most common approach to studying dynamic changes in the cytoplasmic Ca 2+ content. Here, we used mature 'Fuji' apples (Malus pumila Mill.) to obtain viable protoplasts from flesh tissue cells by enzymatic hydrolysis; then, three small-molecule fluorescent probes (fluo-8/AM, fluo-4/AM, and rhod-2/AM) were loaded into the protoplasts. All three Ca 2+ fluorescent probes successfully entered the cytoplasm but did not enter the vacuole. Both the Ca 2+ chelator (EGTA) and Ca 2+ channel blocker (La 3+) reduced the fluorescence intensity in the cytoplasm. The calcium ionophore A23187 increased the fluorescence intensity in the cytoplasm at 5 µmol/L but decreased it at 50 µmol/L. Additionally, A23187 reversed the fluorescence intensity in the cytoplasm, which was decreased by La 3+. Ionomycin is also a calcium ionophore that can increase the fluorescence intensity of calcium in the cytoplasm. These results suggest that small-molecule Ca 2+ fluorescent probes can be used to detect changes in cytosolic calcium levels in the cells of fruit flesh tissue. In addition, the optimum concentration of fluo-8/AM was determined to be 5 µmol/L. This was the first time that protoplasts have been isolated from apple flesh tissue cells and small-molecule fluorescent probes have been used to detect calcium in the cytoplasm of flesh tissue cells. This study provides a new method to study calcium signal transduction in fruit flesh tissue.

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“…There have been many studies of BER (de Freitas et al, 2012;Ho and White, 2005;Saure, 2014) and it was reported that a local deficiency in Ca induces cell necrosis. In recent studies about BER, it was suggested that Ca 2+ transport was an essential factor in the lower incidence of BER using a tomato introgression line (Ikeda et al, 2017); the incidence of BER under salinity was reduced by organo-mineral fertilizer (Kataoka et al, 2017); the cultivar difference in the susceptibility to BER was likely explained by the difference in the growth rate of young fruit affecting watersoluble Ca in the distal part of tomato fruit (Vinh et al, 2018); the involvement of reactive oxygen species as a major protagonist in BER appearance; and BERresistant cultivars showed a larger increase in their ROS scavenging capacity (Rached et al, 2018). We investigated the ultrastructural features of BER, and observed that there were no visible Ca precipitates on the traces of the plasma membrane near the cell wall of the collapsed cells in BER fruit (Suzuki et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Analysis of Internally Brown Tomato Fruit

Suzuki

Numajiri

et al. 2019

Hortic J

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Internally brown (IB) tomato fruit is a physiological disorder in which the inside of the fruit turns brown or black. The mechanisms underlying the development of IB are not well understood. In this study, we examined the incidence of IB using hydroponics, and investigated the anatomical features and the ratio of dimeric rhamnogalacturonan II-borate (dRG-II-B) to total rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) (boron cross-linking ratio) in cell walls that decreased with boron deficiency. IB fruit developed when the growth of the stem and leaves were normal and the micro-element concentrations were low. The IB region was observed to be brown inside the fruit at an early stage, and this changed to black in the mature fruit. It was detected around the pericarp, locular gel, placenta and columella in the tomato fruit. An abnormality was observed around the vascular bundle in IB fruit. The interior of the cells near the vascular bundle was changed to a substance with a high electron density, and a disintegrated image was observed. Few Ca precipitates were observed on plasma membranes or cell walls in the collapsed cells by an antimonite precipitation method. It is suggested that Ca deficiency appears to be related to the cell collapse in IB. There was no significant difference in the boron cross-linking ratio between the IB and normal fruit. This suggested that IB was not related to B deficiency directly. We concluded that IB was caused by necrosis of cells around the inner vascular bundle due to Ca deficiency.

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Comparative Analysis on Blossom-end Rot Incidence in Two Tomato Cultivars in Relation to Calcium Nutrition and Fruit Growth

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Cover Whitening Concentrations on the Microclimate and on the Development and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Inside Mediterranean Greenhouses

Effects of Cover Whitening Concentrations on the Microclimate and on the Development and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Inside Mediterranean Greenhouses

Loading calcium fluorescent probes into protoplasts to detect calcium in the flesh tissue cells of Malus domestica

Anatomical Analysis of Internally Brown Tomato Fruit

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