Comparative Anatomical Study Of The Taxa From Series Verni Mathew (Crocus L.) In Serbia

Raca, İrena; Ljubisavljević, Irena; Jušković, Marina; Ranđelović, Novica; Ranđelović, Vladimir

doi:10.5281/zenodo.963053

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The leaf sections of all 435 individuals were double-stained with safranin (1 g of safranin dissolved in 100 mL of 50% ethanol) and alcian blue (1 g of dye dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water, with a couple of crystals of phenol and three drops of glacial acetic acid). Stained sections were then dehydrated through an alcohol series (50%, 70%, 96%, 100%), examined, and photographed with a Leica DM 1000 microscope (Leica Microsystems) [16,45,46]. Anatomical features were measured in IMAGEJ [47].…”

Section: Morpho-anatomical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling Crocus Series Verni and Its Polyploids

Raca

Blattner

Waminal

et al. 2023

Biology

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Spring crocuses, the eleven species within Crocus series Verni (Iridaceae), consist of di- and tetraploid cytotypes. Among them is a group of polyploids from southeastern Europe with yet-unclear taxonomic affiliation. Crocuses are generally characterized by complex dysploid chromosome number changes, preventing a clear correlation between these numbers and ploidy levels. To reconstruct the evolutionary history of series Verni and particularly its polyploid lineages associated with C. heuffelianus, we used an approach combining phylogenetic analyses of two chloroplast regions, 14 nuclear single-copy genes plus rDNA spacers, genome-wide genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data, and morphometry with ploidy estimations through genome size measurements, analysis of genomic heterozygosity frequencies and co-ancestry, and chromosome number counts. Chromosome numbers varied widely in diploids with 2n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 28 and tetraploid species or cytotypes with 2n = 16, 18, 20, and 22 chromosomes. Crocus longiflorus, the diploid with the highest chromosome number, possesses the smallest genome (2C = 3.21 pg), while the largest diploid genomes are in a range of 2C = 7–8 pg. Tetraploid genomes have 2C values between 10.88 pg and 12.84 pg. Heterozygosity distribution correlates strongly with genome size classes and allows discernment of di- and tetraploid cytotypes. Our phylogenetic analyses showed that polyploids in the C. heuffelianus group are allotetraploids derived from multiple and partly reciprocal crosses involving different genotypes of diploid C. heuffelianus (2n = 10) and C. vernus (2n = 8). Dysploid karyotype changes after polyploidization resulted in the tetraploid cytotypes with 20 and 22 chromosomes. The multi-data approach we used here for series Verni, combining evidence from nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies, genome sizes, chromosome numbers, and genomic heterozygosity for ploidy estimations, provides a way to disentangle the evolution of plant taxa with complex karyotype changes that can be used for the analysis of other groups within Crocus and beyond. Comparing these results with morphometric analysis results in characters that can discern the different taxa currently subsumed under C. heuffelianus.

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Section: Morpho-anatomical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling Crocus Series Verni and Its Polyploids

Raca

Blattner

Waminal

et al. 2023

Biology

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“…The anatomical diagnostic features of C. veluchensis are the thicker spongy pare chyma, narrower white stripe, lack of hairs on the keel, and bigger terminal vascular bu dles. These parameters, together with the height of the keel, are bigger in the leaves of heuffelianus, as noted in the populations from Serbia [18]. The epidermis of C. to masinianus stands out with clearly undulating tangential walls, while the cell walls of heuffelianus and C. veluchensis are straight or slightly undulating (Figure 9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…The collected samples from Bulgaria are in agreement with the description of C. heuffelianus (Table 2). An exception is the indumentum of the throat, as noticed in all Balkan populations of this species [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…A good taxonomic marker in crocuses can be found in the literature at the level of leaf micromorphology [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Comparative anatomical studies of leaves in different taxa of the Verni series with different geographical origins have been carried out [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phylogenetic relationships in the group are unclear. There are difficulties related to species differentiation, nomenclature, synonymy, and taxonomic affiliation [3,18]. A study of the populations of ser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crocus heuffelianus—A New Species for the Bulgarian Flora from Series Verni (Iridaceae)

Raycheva

Stoyanov

Naimov

et al. 2023

Plants

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In the Pirin Mountains, at an elevation of around 1000 m, three populations of a new species of Bulgarian flora from the genus Crocus, series Verni, were discovered. The species was compared to the morphologically related C. veluchensis, and presented with diagnostic morphological and anatomical features. Despite the high degree of morphological similarity, the molecular analysis, which included sequences from all related species (C. cvijicii, C. dalmaticus, C. jablanicensis, C. rujanensis, C. sieberi subsp. atticus, and C. veluchensis), distinguished the Pirin Mountains’ populations, and revealed the closest relationship to C. heuffelianus. Despite the C. heuffelianus/C. verni complex’s uncertain taxonomic status, our findings on the local population, based on morphometric, anatomical, molecular, and geographic analyses, indicate its belonging to the putative allotetraploid C. heuffelianus of south-eastern Europe and the Balkans, and an expansion of its range to the southeast. Given the taxonomic uncertainty and unclear phylogenetic relationships of the taxa in the Crocus vernus complex, we considered it appropriate to accept our taxon as Crocus heuffelianus. So far, only C. tommasinianus Herb. has been found in Bulgarian flora from the Crocus series Verni, but in terms of altitude and morphological features, the species from our collection is close to the Balkan endemic C. veluchensis, which belongs to the C. sieberi aggregate. Morphologically, it differs by the dark, heart-shaped spots on the tip of the tepals, and the presence of one bract. A detailed comparative anatomical analysis between the three species of crocuses from the series Verni in Bulgaria shows discrete differences: the width of the white stripe and lacunar area are good distinguishing features, as are the number of conducting vessels.

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Comparative morphological and leaf anatomical analysis of the species Crocus danubensis and Crocus variegatus (Iridaceae)

Ljubisavljević

Raca

2020

Biologia

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Comparative Anatomical Study Of The Taxa From Series Verni Mathew (Crocus L.) In Serbia

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Disentangling Crocus Series Verni and Its Polyploids

Disentangling Crocus Series Verni and Its Polyploids

Crocus heuffelianus—A New Species for the Bulgarian Flora from Series Verni (Iridaceae)

Comparative morphological and leaf anatomical analysis of the species Crocus danubensis and Crocus variegatus (Iridaceae)

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