Comparative anatomy of adipose tissue<sup>1</sup>

Vague, J; Fenasse, Robert

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp050105

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2,271 publications

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“…Steatopygia, the massive development of adipose tissue over the buttocks, occurs in slightly different fo rms in various African tribes, is usually but not invariably restricted to women, is best developed in young adults (247,286), and is incipient in certain European women (255). Schultz (244) has dismissed it as an anomaly arising from endocrine imbalance of "no special adaptive value."…”

Section: Hypothesis 2: Mechanical Support and Protection For Organsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The selective pressure for a "formidable" rather than "sexy" body shape in those fe males whose reproductive efforts are directed towards provisioning their fa milies rather than towards attracting mates may be similar to that suggested by Geist (101) for some ungulates and gallinaceous birds. The fa t masses under the chin and on the nape of the neck, which increase during middle age (284,286), may be interpreted as indicators of social status, in the same way as changes in hair distribution and color have been (192).…”

Section: Hypothesis 2: Mechanical Support and Protection For Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Aspects and the Ecological and Mechanical Consequences of Fat Deposition in Wild Vertebrates

Pond¹

1978

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

252

135

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Section: Hypothesis 2: Mechanical Support and Protection For Organsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Hypothesis 2: Mechanical Support and Protection For Organsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Aspects and the Ecological and Mechanical Consequences of Fat Deposition in Wild Vertebrates

Pond¹

1978

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

252

135

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“…An update of the comparative anatomy of adipose tissues in various species has been summarized in the Handbook of Physiology (367). The histological examination of adipose tissue development in fetuses and newborn rats and humans revealed all the stages of adipose tissue development and the existence of two major fat cell types (i.e., brown and white fat cells).…”

Section: Anatomic Structure Of Adipose Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical perspectives in fat cell biology: the fat cell as a model for the investigation of hormonal and metabolic pathways

Lafontan

2012

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Lafontan M. Historical perspectives in fat cell biology: the fat cell as a model for the investigation of hormonal and metabolic pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 302: C327-C359, 2012. First published September 7, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00168.2011.-For many years, there was little interest in the biochemistry or physiology of adipose tissue. It is now well recognized that adipocytes play an important dynamic role in metabolic regulation. They are able to sense metabolic states via their ability to perceive a large number of nervous and hormonal signals. They are also able to produce hormones, called adipokines, that affect nutrient intake, metabolism and energy expenditure. The report by Rodbell in 1964 that intact fat cells can be obtained by collagenase digestion of adipose tissue revolutionized studies on the hormonal regulation and metabolism of the fat cell. In the context of the advent of systems biology in the field of cell biology, the present seems an appropriate time to look back at the global contribution of the fat cell to cell biology knowledge. This review focuses on the very early approaches that used the fat cell as a tool to discover and understand various cellular mechanisms. Attention essentially focuses on the early investigations revealing the major contribution of mature fat cells and also fat cells originating from adipose cell lines to the discovery of major events related to hormone action (hormone receptors and transduction pathways involved in hormonal signaling) and mechanisms involved in metabolite processing (hexose uptake and uptake, storage, and efflux of fatty acids). Dormant preadipocytes exist in the stroma-vascular fraction of the adipose tissue of rodents and humans; cell culture systems have proven to be valuable models for the study of the processes involved in the formation of new fat cells. Finally, more recent insights into adipocyte secretion, a completely new role with major metabolic impact, are also briefly summarized. history; adipocytes; insulin action; 3T3-L1 cells; glucose transport; fatty acids; lipolysis; catecholamines; preadipocytes SINCE THE EARLIEST TIMES, attention has been directed toward fat-related questions. It is currently accepted that the ability to store fat in adipose tissue was a major advantage for survival during cold winters and periods of food shortage for our "primitive" hunter ancestors. However, in modern societies, with increased food availability and nutritional efficacy, excessive fat deposition is frequently associated with degenerative or metabolic diseases. As early as 1901, life insurance companies noted that excess weight, particularly around the abdomen, was linked to reduced life expectancy. The risk was confirmed in the seminal studies of Vague (366) in Marseilles, who established the importance of abdominal (central) obesity in conferring excess mortality. The health hazard of obesity is not considered in the present review, which, rather, focuses on adipose tissue and adipocytes.

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“…There is a physiological imbalance of blood flow and lymphatic drainage, resulting in the impaired clearance of lipids and their uptake by macrophages. 14,15 There is increasing support, however, for the view that the fat cell is not simply a container of fat, but is an endocrine organ and a cytokine-activated cell, 16,17 chronic inflammation playing a role here. 18,19 The volume of the edema can be estimated by measuring the arm circumference or girth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Adipose Tissue Dominates Chronic Arm Lymphedema Following Breast Cancer: An Analysis Using Volume Rendered CT Images

Brorson

Ohlin

Olsson

et al. 2006

Lymphatic Research and Biology

166

109

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Comparative anatomy of adipose tissue¹

Cited by 29 publications

References 2,271 publications

Morphological Aspects and the Ecological and Mechanical Consequences of Fat Deposition in Wild Vertebrates

Morphological Aspects and the Ecological and Mechanical Consequences of Fat Deposition in Wild Vertebrates

Historical perspectives in fat cell biology: the fat cell as a model for the investigation of hormonal and metabolic pathways

Adipose Tissue Dominates Chronic Arm Lymphedema Following Breast Cancer: An Analysis Using Volume Rendered CT Images

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Comparative anatomy of adipose tissue1

Cited by 29 publications

References 2,271 publications

Morphological Aspects and the Ecological and Mechanical Consequences of Fat Deposition in Wild Vertebrates

Morphological Aspects and the Ecological and Mechanical Consequences of Fat Deposition in Wild Vertebrates

Historical perspectives in fat cell biology: the fat cell as a model for the investigation of hormonal and metabolic pathways

Adipose Tissue Dominates Chronic Arm Lymphedema Following Breast Cancer: An Analysis Using Volume Rendered CT Images

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Comparative anatomy of adipose tissue¹