Comparative Anatomy of the Male Guinea‐Pig and Human Lower Urinary Tract: Histomorphology and Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction

Neuhaus, Valentin; Dorschner,; Mondry, Mondry; Stolzenburg,

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2001.t01-1-0323.x

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In this regard, it is paramount to utilise animal models that most closely resemble the human LUT, both in terms of anatomical and physiological function. A wide variety of animal species have previously been utilised to investigate LUT function, including non‐human primates, dogs, pigs, cats, rabbits, rats, guinea‐pigs, mice and hamsters (Harada et al ., 1989; Kontani et al ., 1992; Yoshimura et al ., 1993; Danuser & Thor, 1996; Ghoniem et al ., 1996; Watanabe et al ., 1997; Giuliani et al ., 1998; Yoshimura et al ., 1998; Zvara et al ., 1998; Doi et al ., 1999; Nickel & Venker‐van Haagen, 1999; Palea & Pietra, 1999; Pandita et al ., 2000; Bae et al ., 2001; Calvert et al ., 2001; Lecci et al ., 2001), the majority of these species sharing a number of common anatomical (DeLancey, 1990; Dwyer & Glenning, 1990; Birder & de Groat, 1993; Fletcher, 1996; Neuhaus et al ., 1999; 2001; Dass et al ., 2001; Ganzer et al ., 2002; 2004; Silva & Karram, 2004), pharmacological (de Groat & Yoshimura, 2001) and neurophysiological (de Groat, 1998; Blok & Holstege, 1999; Blok, 2002) features in comparison to humans. However a number of these species are also known to exhibit specific differences in normal urinary tract structure and function in comparison to humans, which must be considered before extrapolating pharmacological or physiological findings to potential therapeutic treatments in man.…”

Section: Animal Models Of Lower Urinary Tract Function and Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models in urological disease and sexual dysfunction

McMurray¹,

Casey²,

Naylor³

2006

British J Pharmacology

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There are several conditions associated with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract or which result in a reduction in the ability to engage in satisfactory sexual function and result in significant bother to sufferers, partners and/or carers. This review describes some of the animal models that may be used to discover safe and effective medicines with which to treat them. While alpha adrenoceptor antagonists and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors deliver improvement in symptom relief in benign prostatic hyperplasia sufferers, the availability of efficacious and well-tolerated medicines to treat incontinence is less well served. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has no approved medical therapy in the United States and overactive bladder (OAB) therapy is limited to treatment with muscarinic antagonists (anti-muscarinics). SUI and OAB are characterised by high prevalence, a growing ageing population and a strong desire from sufferers and physicians for more effective treatment options. High patient numbers with low presentation rates characterizes sexual dysfunction in men and women. The introduction of Viagrat in 1998 for treating male erectile dysfunction and the success of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor class (PDE5 inhibitor) have indicated the willingness of sufferers to seek treatment when an effective alternative to injections and devices is available. The main value of preclinical models in discovering new medicines is to predict clinical outcomes. This translation can be established relatively easily in areas of medicine where there are a large number of drugs with different underlying pharmacological mechanisms in clinical usage. However, apart from, for example, the use of PDE5 inhibitors to treat male erectile dysfunction and the use of antimuscarinics to treat OAB, this clinical information is limited. Therefore, current confidence in existing preclinical models is based on our understanding of the biochemical, physiological, pathophysiological and psychological mechanisms underlying the conditions in humans and how they are reflected in preclinical models. Confidence in both the models used and the pharmacological data generated is reinforced if different models of related aspects of the same disorder generate confirmatory data. However, these models will only be fully validated in retrospect once the pharmacological agents they have helped identify are tested in humans. Animal models of lower urinary tract function and dysfunctionThe two major functions of the lower urinary tract (LUT) are to store urine and, periodically and at an opportune moment, to empty or expel the stored urine. This involves a complex pattern of efferent (motor) and afferent (sensory) signalling in both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. The nerves involved form part of a reflex pathway, with an incorporated conscious control component, which can either maintain the bladder in an accommodating state, enabling urine storage at low intravesical pressure, or which can initiate micturition by relaxing the outflow region (...

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Section: Animal Models Of Lower Urinary Tract Function and Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models in urological disease and sexual dysfunction

McMurray¹,

Casey²,

Naylor³

2006

British J Pharmacology

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“…Small rodents are not taken into consideration owing to the different size and structure of the lower urinary tract (Nozaki, ; Neuhaus et al . ; Maia et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of the biomechanics of urethral tissues and structures

Natali

Carniel

Frigo

et al. 2016

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings r What is the central question of this study?Prostheses for treatment of urinary incontinence elicit complications associated with an inadequate mechanical action. This investigation aimed to define a procedure addressed to urethral mechanical characterization. Experimental tests are the basis for constitutive formulation, with a view to numerical modelling for investigation of the interaction between the tissues and a prosthesis. r What is the main finding and its importance?Horse urethra, selected for its histomorphometric similarity to human urethra, was characterized by integrated histological analysis and mechanical tests on the biological tissue and structure, leading to constitutive formulation. A non-linear, anisotropic and time-dependent response was found, representing a valid basis for development of a numerical model to interpret the functional behaviour of the urethra.Urinary dysfunction can lead to incontinence, with an impact on the quality of life. Severe dysfunction can be overcome surgically by the use of an artificial urinary sphincter. Nonetheless, several complications may result from inappropriate functioning of the prosthesis, in many instances resulting from an unsuitable mechanical action of the device on the urethral tissues. Computational models allow investigation of the mechanical interaction between biological tissues and biomedical devices, representing a potential support for surgical practice and prosthesis design. The development of such computational tools requires experimental data on the mechanics of biological tissues and structures, which are rarely reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to provide a procedure for the mechanical characterization of urethral tissues and structures. The experimental protocol included the morphometric and histological analysis of urethral tissues, the mechanical characterization of the response of tissues to tensile and stress-relaxation tests and evaluation of the behaviour of urethral structures by inflation tests. Results from the preliminary experiments were processed, adopting specific model formulations, and also providing the definition of parameters that characterize the elastic and A. N. Natali and others viscous behaviour of the tissues. Different experimental protocols, leading to a comprehensive set of experimental data, allow for a reciprocal assessment of reliability of the investigation approach.

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“…This reflected that the described firm beads were most probably blocking the cranial part of the spongy portion of the urethra where the inner diameter of the urethra reduces from 4 to 3 mm due to the presence of the spongy tissue surrounding it 31. Only the pelvic part of the urethra is surrounded by defined smooth and striated muscular structures 32. The use of either alpha‐adrenergic drugs such as prazosin or spasmolytic agents such as midazolam might help in deblocking the pelvic part of the urethra and enable flushing of the granules back into the bladder, making them accessible to surgical removal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Foreign body cystitis in a male guinea pig due to a sedge (Carexspecies) leaf

Meyer

Schmiderer

Richter

2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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A foreign body cystitis in a 1.5-year-old male guinea pig with treatment-resistant stranguria and haematuria was diagnosed by ultrasonographic examination. A sedge leaf (Carex species) was identified as the causing agent by sequencing of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS1) and a chloroplast marker (trnL-trnF) from the leaf obtained on postmortem examination. The eventual mechanism of migration of the plant leaf into the bladder was investigated. A concomitant fungal lower urinary tract infection with Candida albicans was diagnosed by cultural means and DNA sequencing. Firm granules composed of inflammatory secretions blocked the urethra and interfered with diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first report of foreign body cystitis in a small rodent, which should be on the differential list of therapy-resistant lower urinary tract disease in guinea pigs.

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Comparative Anatomy of the Male Guinea‐Pig and Human Lower Urinary Tract: Histomorphology and Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Animal models in urological disease and sexual dysfunction

Animal models in urological disease and sexual dysfunction

Experimental investigation of the biomechanics of urethral tissues and structures

Foreign body cystitis in a male guinea pig due to a sedge (Carexspecies) leaf

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