Comparative Antibiotic Resistance of Diarrheal Pathogens from Vietnam and Thailand, 1996-1999

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance rates for shigella, campylobacter, nontyphoidal salmonella, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were compared for Vietnam and Thailand from 1996 to 1999. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline was common. Quinolone resistance remains low in both countries, except among campylobacter and salmonella organisms in Thailand. Nalidixic acid resistance among salmonellae has more than doubled since 1995 (to 21%) in Thailand but is not yet documented in Vietnam. Resistance to quinolones correlated with resistance to azithromycin in both campylobacter and salmonella in Thailand. This report describes the first identification of this correlation and its epidemiologic importance among clinical isolates. These data illustrate the growing magnitude of antibiotic resistance and important differences between countries in Southeast Asia.

Susceptibilities to Antimicrobials and Disinfectants in Salmonella Isolates Obtained from Poultry and Swine in Thailand

“…at the farm [20]. Low levels of ciprofloxacin resistance were observed, which was comparable to other studies of humans and foods [4,14]. However, the prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance from this study was slightly higher in comparison to the earlier study in farm sectors, where no resistance to the agent was found [20].…”

Case-Control Study of Diarrheal Disease Etiology in a Remote Rural Area in Western Thailand

“…A high prevalence of nalidixic acid and fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter has been well-documented in Thailand. [24][25][26] Resistance of Campylobacter isolates to nalidixic acid increased significantly during 1991-2000, with isolates resistant to both nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin observed significantly more frequently in urban than in rural settings. 24 Ongoing antimicrobial surveillance may permit more effective therapy in remote areas.…”

Molecular identification and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter strains of poultry origin in India with special emphasis on fluoroquinolone resistance

“…Studies on isolation of Campylobacter from poultry meat have been carried out from the regions Tamilnadu and Calcutta using conventional method (Chowdhury et al, 1984;Varma et al, 2000). Although Campylobacter with resistance to antimicrobial agents has been reported worldwide (Looveren et al, 2001;Isenbarger et al, 2002), the situation seems to deteriorate more rapidly in developing countries, where there is widespread and uncontrolled use of antibiotics (Hart and Kariuki, 1998). Moreover, Campylobacter infections pose a serious public health problem for which many countries are monitoring their infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns.…”