Comparative antihyperglycemic potentials of different fractions of Detarium senegalense stem bark extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats

Abstract

Aim: The search for cheap and potent antidiabetic agent with less adverse effects and efficient glycemic control than orthodox and allopathic therapies prompted this current study. Method: Forty-two (42) adult Wistar rats of between 150-200g were procured and acclimatized for two weeks for the study. They were first grouped into six (6) of seven rats (n=7) per group. Whilst group 1 received normal water and chow ad libitum (control), groups 2-6 respectively were steptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic, untreated (diabetic control), 50mg/kg metformin treated diabetic, STZ-induced, 250mg/kg body weight of D. senegalensis ethyl acetate extract treated, STZ-induced, 250mg/kg of D. senegalensis n-hexene extract treated, and 250mg/kg bw of D. senegalensis chloroform extract treated. While using the GCMS to analyze the active ingredients of the various D. senegalensis fractionates administered, fasting blood glucose levels were checked and compared weekly for 10 weeks before and during treatments; obtaining differences in mean with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). All test statistics were performed with the graph pad prism 8.1, setting p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Study observed the highest anti-diabetic bioactivity in experimental than control animals; especially confirming the presence of major phytochemicals but Glycosides. In diabetic rats, a significant increase was observed in α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, but with administration of chloroform, Hexane and Ethyl acetate fractions from the methanol stem bark extract at 250 mg/kg and metformin (50 mg/kg) significantly decreasing the activity of the enzyme’s ability on the pancreas, with the most potent being the ethyl acetate extract group Conclusion: D. senegalense extract proved to be a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with less potency for alpha-amylase. This action could be productive in preventing DM via decrease in blood glucose uptake.