Comparative Antimicrobial Activities of Alchornea cordifolia Leaf Crude Extracts and Cephalosporin Antibiotics on Some Pathogenic Clinical Isolates

Abstract

Comparative antimicrobial activities of the aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Alchornea cordifolia and some Cephalosporin antibiotics of different generations available in Uy, LGA of Akwa Ibom state of Nigeria were evaluated using macro dilution assay to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the plant aqueouse and ethanol leaf extracts and of the Cephalosporin antibiotics against some pathogenic Gram positive and Gram negative organisms. Results: The extraction yielded 59.9g for aqueouse leaf extract (ALE) and 74.10 g of the ethanol leaf extract. The MIC of the leaf extracts ranging from (1.953 mg/mL - 15.625 mg/ mL) and MBC ranging from (3.906 mg/mL – 62.50 mg/mL). The cephalosporin antibiotics; Ceftriaxone (Chupet®) MIC ranging from (0.0078-0.25 mg/mL), MBC (0.0312 mg/mL – 0.25 mg/mL), Cephalexin (Sporidex®) MIC ranging from (0.009766 mg/ mL - 0.625 mg/ mL), MBC (0.01953 mg/ mL -2.50 mg/ mL) and Cefuroxime with MIC ranging from (0.0078 mg/mL-0.25 mg/mL) and MBC (1.25 mg/mL - 2.5 mg/mL). Antimicrobial substances are considered as bactericidal agent when the ratio MBC/MIC ≤ 4 and bacteriostatic when the ratio MBC/MIC is > 4. The antimicrobial activities evaluated increased in the following order of potency; A. cordifolia leaf extracts > Ceftriaxone > Cefalexin > Cefuroxime considering the values of MBC/MIC.
 Keywords: Antimicrobial activities, bacteriostatic, bactericidal, cephalosporin, comparative.

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“…Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for Ag/SC 1 nanocomposite and SC 1 were compared with Cephalosporin antibiotics results that were previously reported. [ 90 ]…”

“…The tested compounds showed good activity towards all bacterial strains used in the experiments. Antibacterial Standard drugs [90] Cefalexin (Sporidex activity results of synthesized tested compounds were listed in Table 7. The comparative antimicrobial data of the synthesized compounds were shown in Figure 16.…”

“…Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for Ag/SC1 nanocomposite and SC1 were compared with Cephalosporin antibiotics results that were previously reported. [90] 3.9.6 | Antimicrobial activities of the Ag/SC1 nanocomposite and SC1 Antimicrobial compounds are believed to be bactericidal agent when the ratio MBC/MIC ≤ 4. Compounds are supposed to be bacteriostatic when the ratio MBC/MIC is >4.…”