Comparative Aspects and Clinical Outcomes of Canine Renal Hemangiosarcoma

Abstract

Background: Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a common solid tumor of the spleen, heart, and skin of dogs. Renal HSA represents an uncommon anatomic variant, with little reported about its biologic behavior and clinical outcome. Hypothesis: That renal HSA is associated with longer survival than other visceral forms of HSA. Animals: 14 dogs with renal HSA. Methods: Medical records from 1999 to 2004 were searched for dogs with histopathologically confirmed renal HSA, and data relevant to clinical signs, treatments, and outcomes were abstracted. Results: Clinical signs were nonspecific, and the median duration of clinical signs before diagnosis was 60 days. Two dogs presented in cardiovascular collapse secondary to hemoperitoneum. Common hematologic and biochemical abnormalities were anemia (9/14), hematuria (7/14), and proteinuria (7/14). One dog had pulmonary metastasis at diagnosis. All dogs had evidence of a renal mass visualized by abdominal radiography (14/14), ultrasound (9/14), or both. All dogs underwent nephrectomy, and 4/14 dogs also received adjunctive chemotherapy. Median survival time of all dogs was 278 days (range 0–1,005 days), and dogs with hemoperitoneum had significantly shorter survival times than dogs without hemoperitoneum (62 days versus 286 days, P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results indicate that hemoperitoneum and distant metastasis at diagnosis appear to occur less frequently in dogs with renal HSA compared with other visceral forms of HSA. Furthermore, dogs with renal HSA have protracted disease progression, with improved 1 ‐year survival rates and longer median survival time compared to dogs with splenic, cardiac, and retroperitoneal HSA.

Hematuria and transitional cell papilloma of the renal pelvis treated via unilateral nephrectomy in an alpaca

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] Other treatments, including administration of α-aminocaproic acid and formalin (IV) have not been reported in camelids. Medical management of hematuria should involve supportive care, including administration of blood transfusions and antimicrobials for bacterial infections.…”

“…Medical management of hematuria should involve supportive care, including administration of blood transfusions and antimicrobials for bacterial infections. In most reports, 10,12,14,15 nephrectomy is thought to be required to completely resolve blood loss. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Other treatments, including administration of α-aminocaproic acid and formalin (IV) have not been reported in camelids.…”

The use of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography for the detection of active renal hemorrhage in a dog with spontaneous kidney rupture resulting in hemoperitoneum

“…Ultrasound imaging is often used in the evaluation of dogs with suspect hemoperitoneum for both diagnosis and for identifying sources of bleeding before surgery. Splenic masses are the most commonly reported source of hemorrhage in dogs with tumors; however, other abdominal organs may be involved, including the liver, adrenal glands, and kidneys . Previous reports have shown that dogs with splenic masses and concurrent hemoperitoneum have high rates of malignancy .…”

A retrospective study of cardiac hemangiosarcoma in dogs

“…In cats, only single cases of hemangiosarcoma have been described to date (4). While hemangiosarcoma represents a frequent primary tumor of the spleen and skin, it has also been diagnosed in kidneys (5). The tumor occurs most frequently in older (more than 10 years old) dogs.…”