Comparative assessment of birth preparedness and complication readiness among women in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Birth preparedness and complication readiness is an imperative intervention which has proven to reduce delays in care seeking behavior in case of obstetric emergencies. Although, many pregnant women and their families do not take the suggested steps to prepare for childbirth, despite of being known of them. Additionally, marked disparities often have been observed between rural and urban areas, with more maternal and neonatal deaths occurring in the rural areas owing to the unpreparedness. This study thus set out to assess and compare the knowledge, practice and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness among women from rural and urban areas in Bangladesh. Methodology: A cross-sectional comparative study design have been undertaken among 250 rural and 240 urban women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Shaheed Sayed Nazrul Islam Medical College and Hospital, Kishoreganj, Dhaka over a period of 6 months from 1st October 2020 to 30th March 2021. All pregnant women who attended in the antenatal clinic of SSNIMCH and SSMCH for the first time during the study period was include in the study. Quantitative data was collected by the use of semi structured questionnaires adapted from the safe motherhood questionnaire, developed by maternal and neonatal Programme of Johns Hopkins Programme for International Education in Gynaecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO) an affiliate of John Hopkins University. Result: Birth preparedness and complication readiness was evident in 34.17% of the urban and 30.4% of the rural respondents. Urban women were statistically significantly more aware of the danger signs of pregnancy, labour and postpartum period (p<0.001). Selection of place of delivery, arrangement of transportation, emergency fund and blood donor was the most important actions taken as part of birth preparedness both in rural and urban respondents. Null birth preparedness was observed among 28.0% of the rural respondents compared to 2.50% of the urban respondents. The decision regarding the place of delivery was taken mostly by their husband both in urban and rural sub sets. Thus, this study findings showed low practice of BPACR both among urban and rural community while rural people showed more inaction than urban people. Bioresearch Commu. 8(2): 1100-1105, 2022 (July)

Birth preparedness and pregnancy complication readiness and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis

“…Urban women were 1.4 times more likely than rural women to be informed about pregnancy complications. This finding is the same as studies done in Bangladesh [ 53 ], and Nigeria [ 40 ]. This might be due to the accessibility of healthcare facilities in urban areas, the uneven distribution of health services and healthcare professionals in rural areas, the limited access to health information, and women in rural areas might face transportation problems to reach healthcare facilities [ 12 , 20 ].…”

“…This might be due to the accessibility of healthcare facilities in urban areas, the uneven distribution of health services and healthcare professionals in rural areas, the limited access to health information, and women in rural areas might face transportation problems to reach healthcare facilities [ 12 , 20 ]. Additionally, urban women are more aware of the dangerous signs of pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period, and unpreparedness for birth among rural pregnant women is common and might invite more maternal and neonatal deaths [ 53 ]. Surprisingly, the women who lived in Addis Ababa were also 2.7 times more likely to be ready for pregnancy-related complications.…”

Genetic characterization of rhizobium bacteria isolated from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) nodules and its effect on growth

“…In our study, nifH genes of Rhizobium gallicum F4DC and F6DC strains were detected in the gel image shown in Figure 3. In many studies amplification of the nifH gene fragment was detected for Rhizobium strains (Akter et al, 2016;Khalid et al, 2020).…”

Bivariate binary logistic regression analysis on optimal antenatal care visits and timing of antenatal care initiation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia; evidence from 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic health survey

“…The use of health facilities is strongly related to ANC visits, and adequate ANC includes both the use of services and the su ciency of the content within the services [11]. According to EMDHS 2019, only 28% of women had their rst ANC visit during the rst trimester, 32% had their rst visit during the fourth or fth month, and 12% had their rst visit during the sixth or seventh month of pregnancy.…”