Comparative assessment of the parasitoid community of Delia radicum in the Canadian prairies and Europe: A search for classical biological control agents

Hemachandra, K. S.; Holliday, N. J.; Mason, Peter G.; Soroka, Juliana J.; Kuhlmann, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.07.005

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The activities of natural enemies or other mortality factors of preimaginal root maggots may have affected infestation levels and subsequent root damage. Natural enemies of the juvenile stages of root maggots, particularly the predatorÐpara-sitoid Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), the parasitic wasp Trybliographa rapae Westwood (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), and various carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), are important biocontrol agents of D. radicum and some other Delia species (Wishart et al 1956, Wishart 1957, Coaker and Williams 1963, Mukerji 1971 and are known to occur in central Alberta (Hemachandra et al 2007, Broatch et al 2008b. Intercrops or weedy crops often harbor a greater abundance than monocultures of predators, parasites, and pathogens, particularly carabid and staphylinid beetles (Horn 1981(Horn , 1987Tukahirwa and Coaker 1982;Purvis and Curry 1984;Kromp 1999).…”

Section: Analysis Of Variance For Canola Taproot Damage Data From Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Canola-Wheat Intercrops on <I>Delia</I> spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Oviposition, Larval Feeding Damage, and Adult Abundance

Hummel¹,

Dosdall²,

Clayton³

et al. 2009

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Reductions in oviposition and subsequent damage by root maggots (Diptera: Anthomyiidae, Delia spp.) to brassicaceous crops in the presence of nonhost plants has been demonstrated, but such investigations have not been conducted using intercrops of species commonly grown in the large-scale agricultural production systems of western Canada. A field experiment was conducted at three sites in Alberta, Canada, in 2005 and 2006 to determine interactions between root maggots and the various proportions of canola (Brassica napus L.) making up the total crop plant populations in intercrops with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The effect of a neonicotinoid seed treatment also was investigated. Root maggot damage to canola taproots decreased with increasing proportions of wheat in the intercrops. The presence of wheat in the intercrops had little effect on root maggot adult abundance in any single site-by-year combination or when data were combined over all sites and years, with different Delia species and sexes responding differently. Similarly, per plant root maggot egg populations were unaffected by intercropping, although egg populations were reduced on a per unit land area basis in intercrops compared with monocultures. Insecticidal seed treatment did not affect root maggot egg populations or canola root damage. Variable abundances and phenologies of the principal root maggot species infesting canola at different sites and years may influence their responses to canola-wheat intercrops. Intercropping canola and wheat may provide an opportunity for reducing crop damage from root maggot attack without compromising environmental sustainability.

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Section: Analysis Of Variance For Canola Taproot Damage Data From Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Canola-Wheat Intercrops on <I>Delia</I> spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Oviposition, Larval Feeding Damage, and Adult Abundance

Hummel¹,

Dosdall²,

Clayton³

et al. 2009

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“…Beetles have important functions in agroecosystems as many predatory and a few parasitoid Carabidae and Staphylinidae prey on crop pests and provide an important ecosystem service (Symondson et al ., ; Collins et al ., ; Hemachandra et al ., ; Renkema et al ., ). These families also contain species that are primarily detritivorous, fungivorous or phytophagous (Good & Giller, ; Clough et al ., ), including seed‐eating carabids that contribute to weed control (Honek et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic mulches in highbush blueberries alter beetle (Coleoptera) community composition and improve functional group abundance and diversity

Renkema

Cutler

Lynch

et al. 2015

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Horticultural practices may impact invertebrates in agroecosystems, particularly natural enemies. Impacts can be better understood by grouping organisms functionally or using morphological traits in addition to taxonomic determinations. 2 We compared the effects of mulch type (compost, pine needles, unmulched) and weeding strategy (weeded, unweeded) on beetle (Coleoptera) communities in highbush blueberries, focusing on early-season captures that reflected overwintering habitat. 3 Beetle diversity was similar between plot types, although functional grouping revealed differences as a result of mulching but not weeding. Predatory and granivorous Carabidae were most abundant in unmulched plots, mycetophages were most abundant in pine needles, and saprophages were most abundant in compost. Predatory Staphylinidae were most diverse in compost plots, and the diversity of granivores was greatest in unmulched plots. 4 Carabid biomass was greater in unmulched than compost mulched plots partly as a result of larger beetle size. 5 Beetle communities in unmulched and pine needles mulched plots were more similar than those in compost mulched plots. 6 A combination of compost mulched and unmulched areas should benefit all predatory taxa, although mulch use for pest control will need to be evaluated within the context of other production goals.

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“…Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal and Aleochara bipustulata L. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are important natural enemies of the cabbage root fly Delia radicum L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) (Hemachandra et al ., ), which is a destructive pest of brassicaceous vegetable and field crops in Europe and North America (Finch, ; Soroka et al ., ). The range of A. bilineata includes both Palearctic and Nearctic regions (Maus, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural responses to dimethyl disulphide by Aleochara bilineata and Aleochara bipustulata

Andreassen

Holliday

2017

Physiol. Entomol

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Abstract. Adult Aleochara bipustulata L. and Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are predatory on immature stages of cabbage root fly Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Larvae of the two Aleochara are parasitoids of D. radicum pupae. Female Aleochara lay eggs near D. radicum puparia; the newly-hatched Aleochara larvae enter puparia and consume the contents. Delia radicum-infested roots of brassicas give off dimethyl disulphide (DMDS). In the field, DMDS attracts adult Aleochara to pitfall traps but does not enhance the biological control of D. radicum. In the present study, we investigate the behavioural responses of the Aleochara to DMDS in still air, as well as in moving air in a Y-tube olfactometer, and also investigate the influence of DMDS on host selection. In larvae of both Aleochara species, DMDS induces a restricted-area search in still air, resulting in elevated frequencies of attack of D. radicum puparia close to a source of DMDS. In the olfactometer, newly-emerged virgin adults of both sexes of both Aleochara species choose alternatives to DMDS, older recently-mated females are attracted to DMDS, and older males and older mate-deprived females show no preference. Mating status of males determines the switch of their response to DMDS from avoidance to indifference. We conclude that DMDS is an important cue for host-finding, although other cues are involved in mate-finding. We discuss the implications for use of DMDS to enhance D. radicum mortality and for parasitism of nontarget species if A. bipustulata is introduced to Canada for biological control of D. radicum.

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Comparative assessment of the parasitoid community of Delia radicum in the Canadian prairies and Europe: A search for classical biological control agents

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of Canola-Wheat Intercrops on <I>Delia</I> spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Oviposition, Larval Feeding Damage, and Adult Abundance

Effects of Canola-Wheat Intercrops on <I>Delia</I> spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Oviposition, Larval Feeding Damage, and Adult Abundance

Organic mulches in highbush blueberries alter beetle (Coleoptera) community composition and improve functional group abundance and diversity

Behavioural responses to dimethyl disulphide by Aleochara bilineata and Aleochara bipustulata

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