Comparative biokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric flavan‐3‐ols: A randomized cross‐over study in humans

Wiese, Stefanie; Esatbeyoglu, Tuba; Winterhalter, Peter; Kruse, H.‐P.; Winkler, Stephanie; Bub, Achim; Kulling, Sabine E.

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201400422

Cited by 120 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Ou et al identified 5-(3 0 ,4 0 -dihydroxyphenyl)-c-valerolactones and 5-(3 0 -hydroxyphenyl)-c-valerolactones as the microbial metabolites of procyanidin B2 after anaerobic fermentation with human microbiota (Ou et al 2014). Recently, Wiese et al showed that 5-(3 0 ,4 0 -dihydroxyphenyl)-c-valerolactone represents an important in vivo metabolite of procyanidin produced by the gut microbiota (Wiese et al 2015). These results suggest that procyanidin oligomers are utilized in the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Supplementation of procyanidins B2 attenuates photooxidation-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells

Jiang

Sun

et al. 2016

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

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During the aging process, dimers of dietary vitamin A accumulated in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Vitamin A dimer-mediated photooxidation resulted in RPE apoptosis, which is associated with age-related degenerative disease of retina, leading to blindness. It has been reported that proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract reduces oxidative stress in the eye. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of photooxidation-induced apoptosis inhibition by procyanidins B2 (PB2), one of the main components of grape seed proanthocyanidin. To mimic vitamin A dimer-mediated photooxidation, ARPE-19 cells that accumulated vitamin A dimer, A2E, were used as a model system. Exposure of A2E loaded ARPE-19 cells to blue light induced ER stress and resulted in significant apoptosis. Pretreatment of blue light-exposed A2E containing ARPE-19 cells with PB2 inhibited apoptosis, increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the mitochondria, attenuated ROS and cytochrome c release, and decreased caspase cleavage. Additionally, PB2 inhibited the phosphorylation of ER stress markers elF2α and IRE1α and reduced CHOP expression. Moreover, PB2 inhibition of apoptosis is dependent on the UPR chaperone GRP78, indicating PB2 inhibits vitamin A dimer-mediated apoptosis in RPE cells by activating the UPR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Supplementation of procyanidins B2 attenuates photooxidation-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells

Jiang

Sun

et al. 2016

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

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“…These data contrast to some extent with absence of effect found for proteins on the bioavailability of green tea non-gallated catechins published previously [7]. The valerolactones, microbial metabolites of flavan-3-ols, reach high plasma concentrations, typically five to eight hours after consumption of the polyphenols [14,26]. Nevertheless, these metabolites increased 20-fold within the first three hours after consumption of the test products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Impact of Proteins on the Uptake, Distribution, and Excretion of Phenolics in the Human Body

et al. 2016

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Polyphenols, a complex group of secondary plant metabolites, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, have been studied in depth for their health-related benefits. The activity of polyphenols may, however, be hampered when consumed together with protein-rich food products, due to the interaction between polyphenols and proteins. To that end we have tested the bioavailability of representatives of a range of polyphenol classes when consumed for five days in different beverage matrices. In a placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over study, 35 healthy males received either six placebo gelatine capsules consumed with 200 mL of water, six capsules with 800 mg polyphenols derived from red wine and grape extracts, or the same dose of polyphenols incorporated into 200 mL of either pasteurized dairy drink, soy drink (both containing 3.4% proteins) or fruit-flavoured protein-free drink . At the end of the intervention urine and blood was collected and analysed for a broad range of phenolic compounds using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography–Multiple Reaction Monitoring–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques. The plasma and urine concentrations of the polyphenols identified increased with all formats, including the protein-rich beverages. Compared to capsule ingestion, consumption of polyphenol-rich beverages containing either dairy, soy or no proteins had minor to no effect on the bioavailability and excretion of phenolic compounds in plasma (118% ± 9%) and urine (98% ± 2%). We conclude that intake of polyphenols incorporated in protein-rich drinks does not have a major impact on the bioavailability of a range of different polyphenols and phenolic metabolites.

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“…51,52 On the other hand, microbial metabolites were detected in plasma after a single dose of 1 mg per kg body weight of pure epicatechin or procyanidin B1, but not after a single dose of 2 mg per kg body weight (resulting in 1 mg catechin equivalent per kg body weight) of a purified polymeric procyanidin fraction from cocoa. 53 In particular, C max and T max of the 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone (DHPV) were 300 ng ml −1 and 8 h after epicatechin consumption and 200 ng ml −1 and 10 h after procyanidin B1 consumption. 53 Therefore, different T max of human gut metabolites and intestinal metabolites could account for the different effects observed on platelet aggregation.…”

Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 In particular, C max and T max of the 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone (DHPV) were 300 ng ml −1 and 8 h after epicatechin consumption and 200 ng ml −1 and 10 h after procyanidin B1 consumption. 53 Therefore, different T max of human gut metabolites and intestinal metabolites could account for the different effects observed on platelet aggregation.…”

Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cocoa products and flavanols on platelet aggregation in humans: a systematic review

Peluso¹,

Palmery

Serafini³

2015

Food Funct.

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Previous evidence suggested an active role of cocoa products and flavanols in modulating platelet aggregation. However, cocoa flavanols are characterized by a low bioavailability that can deeply affect their presence in biological fluids and raise questions on their biological effect in humans. We performed a systematic search on Medline, Embase, Cochrane and ProQuest databases, until April 2015, on the effect of cocoa products on platelet aggregation in human intervention studies. We identified 13 interventions, of which only five involved repeated administration. Different effects were observed on the basis of the platelet aggregation test used, whereas neither a longer duration of treatment nor a higher dose was associated with a higher inhibition of platelet aggregation. In conclusion, the reviewed results suggest that consumption of cocoa products in bolus administration positively affects platelet aggregation in both healthy subjects and diseased patients. On the other hand, more evidence is required in order to assess the effect of long-term cocoa product ingestion and to identify the bioactive components involved.

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Comparative biokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric flavan‐3‐ols: A randomized cross‐over study in humans

Abstract: In addition to conjugated metabolites derived from the absorption of monomeric flavan-3-ols, 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone represents an important in vivo metabolite of (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B1 produced by the gut microbiota.

Cited by 120 publications

References 36 publications

Supplementation of procyanidins B2 attenuates photooxidation-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells

Supplementation of procyanidins B2 attenuates photooxidation-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells

Impact of Proteins on the Uptake, Distribution, and Excretion of Phenolics in the Human Body

Effect of cocoa products and flavanols on platelet aggregation in humans: a systematic review

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