Comparative brain structure and visual processing in octopus from different habitats

Chung, Wen-Sung; Kurniawan, Nyoman D.; Marshall, N. Justin

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.070

Cited by 35 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…highly trained versus naïve), with and without neurochemical intervention [ 85 , 86 ], at different ages, and comparison across different species (e.g. coastal versus benthonic [ 87 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion MRI Connections in the Octopus Brain

Jacobs¹

2022

Exp Neurobiol

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Using high angle resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (HARDI) with fiber tractography analysis we map out a meso-scale connectome of the Octopus bimaculoides brain. The brain of this cephalopod has a qualitatively different organization than that of vertebrates, yet it exhibits complex behavior, an elaborate sensory system and high cognitive abilities. Over the last 60 years wide ranging and detailed studies of octopus brain anatomy have been undertaken, including classical histological sectioning/staining, electron microscopy and neuronal tract tracing with injected dyes. These studies have elucidated many neuronal connections within and among anatomical structures. Diffusion MRI based tractography utilizes a qualitatively different method of tracing connections within the brain and offers facile three-dimensional images of anatomy and connections that can be quantitatively analyzed. Twenty-five separate lobes of the brain were segmented in the 3D MR images of each of three samples, including all five sub-structures in the vertical lobe. These parcellations were used to assay fiber tracings between lobes. The connectivity matrix constructed from diffusion MRI data was largely in agreement with that assembled from earlier studies. The one major difference was that connections between the vertical lobe and more basal supra-esophageal structures present in the literature were not found by MRI. In all, 92 connections between the 25 different lobes were noted by diffusion MRI: 53 between supra-esophageal lobes and 26 between the optic lobes and other structures. These represent the beginnings of a mesoscale connectome of the octopus brain.

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“…highly trained versus naïve), with and without neurochemical intervention [ 85 , 86 ], at different ages, and comparison across different species (e.g. coastal versus benthonic [ 87 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion MRI Connections in the Octopus Brain

Jacobs¹

2022

Exp Neurobiol

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“…Our examination of S. plangon shows, like octopus (Chung et al, 2022) two types of OPLs exist, bean vs croissant shape and that this reflects their phylogenetic relationship, life modes and habitats (Figure 4). Both nocturnal and deep-water dwelling cuttlefish species (>200m depth) which encounter dim light condition have a regular bean-shaped OPL (Table 1).…”

Section: Unique Neuroanatomical Features In the Mourning Cuttlefish S...mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Diffusion MRI (dMRI) using an ultra-conservative level for tractography acceptance has accurately delineated several new neural interconnections and networks, and at a level of detail not possible to see with conventional histology (Chung et al, 2020, Chung et al, 2022.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative brain structure and the neural network features of cuttlefish and squid

Chung

Galan

Kurniawan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cuttlefishes, like their octopus cousins, are masters of camouflage by control of body pattern and skin texture to blend in with their surroundings for prey ambush and threat avoidance. Aside from significant progress on the cuttlefish visual perception and communication, a growing number of studies have focused on their behavioural neurobiology and the remarkably rapid and apparently cognitively complex reactions to novel challenges such as spatial learning to solve maze tasks and vertebrate-like cognitive capabilities (e.g. object recognition, number sense and episodic-like memory). Despite intense interest of cuttlefish, much of our knowledge of its neuroanatomy and links to behaviour and ecology comes from one temperate species, the European common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. Here we present the first detailed comparison of neuroanatomical features between the tropical cuttlefish and squid and describe differences in basic brain and wiring anatomy using MRI-based techniques and conventional histology. Furthermore, comparisons amongst nocturnal and diurnal cuttlefish species suggest that the characteristic neuroanatomical features infer interspecific variation in visual capabilities, the importance of vision relative to the less utilised chemosensory system and clear links with life modes (e.g. diurnal vs nocturnal), ecological factors (e.g. living depth and ambient light condition) as well as to an extent, phylogeny. These findings link brain heterogeneity to ecological niches and lifestyle, feeding hypotheses around evolutionary history and provide a timely, new technology update to older literature.

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted March 4, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.03.482865 doi: bioRxiv preprint central nervous system, and they share similar brain shape and structures, notably the vertical lobe which is thought to be the place of higher cognitive functions such as memory (Shigeno et al, 2018). However, it should be noted that minor neuroanatomical differences observed between different species of the octopodiform superorder have been mostly linked with the ecology and behaviour of the species (Chung et al, 2022). Sociality notably impacted the formation of gyri in the vertical lobe, indicating that the social differences in octopuses and cuttlefish (i.e.…”

Section: Nevertheless We Should Not Forget Teddy Which Succeeded On T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unruly octopuses are the rule: Octopus vulgaris use multiple and individually variable strategies in an episodic-like memory task

Poncet

Desnous

Bellanger

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The evolution of complex cognition can be explained by different hypotheses, mutually non-exclusive: the social intelligence hypothesis, the ecological intelligence hypothesis and the predator-prey interaction hypothesis. Episodic-like memory can be used as a proxy to study complex cognition. This ability has mainly been studied through experimental tasks where subjects have to remember what they ate, where and when or in which context. Seemingly quite common in mammals and corvids, episodic-like memory abilities have been observed in only one invertebrate species: the common cuttlefish, a cephalopod mollusc. To explore if this ability is common to all cephalopods or if it has emerged to face specific constraints, we conducted an episodic-like memory task with seven Octopus vulgaris. Only one individual learnt the replenishing rates during the training and subsequently showed episodic-like memory abilities, whereas the other individuals favoured simpler foraging strategies, such as avoidance of familiarity and alternation, use of win-stay strategy and risk-sensitivity. A high variability in the use of these strategies was observed between and within individuals throughout the training. Since octopuses seem to live under lighter environmental pressure than cuttlefish, they may not need to rely on episodic-like memory abilities to optimize foraging as cuttlefish do. These results highlight the differences in the use of complex cognitive abilities between cuttlefish and octopuses, which might be linked with different environmental, predatory and social constraints.

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Comparative brain structure and visual processing in octopus from different habitats

Cited by 35 publications

References 107 publications

Diffusion MRI Connections in the Octopus Brain

Diffusion MRI Connections in the Octopus Brain

Comparative brain structure and the neural network features of cuttlefish and squid

Unruly octopuses are the rule: Octopus vulgaris use multiple and individually variable strategies in an episodic-like memory task

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