Comparative cardiovascular, analgesic, and sedative effects of medetomidine, medetomidine-hydromorphone, and medetomidine-butorphanol in dogs

Kuo, Wei-Chen; Keegan, Robert D.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.931

Cited by 73 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A decrease in SV after medetomidine administration has been described in several studies (de Morais & Muir 1995;Kuo & Keegan 2004) and confirmed in this study as demonstrated by the significant difference between treatments 0 and 3 and the significant change from baseline over time in treatments 2 and 3. This decrease is most likely because of the decrease in sympathetic tone induced by medetomidine administration and not because of a direct negative inotropic effect.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Bradycardia was demonstrated in all treatments as was expected with the administration of an alpha-2 agonist (Bloor et al 1992;Flacke et al 1993;Pypendop & Verstegen 1998;Ko et al 2000;Kuusela et al 2000;Kuo & Keegan 2004;Grimm et al 2005;Pascoe 2005;Pascoe et al 2006). Medetomidine increases systemic vascular resistance, as also demonstrated in the study, and this was thought to lead to an autonomic reflex induced bradycardia (Flacke et al 1990).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 63%

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The hemodynamic effects of medetomidine continuous rate infusions in the dog

Carter

Campbell

Posner

et al. 2010

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 63%

The hemodynamic effects of medetomidine continuous rate infusions in the dog

Carter

Campbell

Posner

et al. 2010

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…When medetomidine was combined with hydromorphone or butorphanol, a longer duration of sedation and a better quality of analgesia was obtained than when medetomidine alone was administered in dogs (Kuo and Keegan 2004). In the current study, it can only be established that the times registered were not affected by increasing the dose of morphine from 1 mg/kg to 2 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory, anaesthetic and recovery effects of morphine combined with medetomidine and alfaxalone in rabbits

et al. 2014

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Ten New Zealand White rabbits were used in a crossover experimental study: 200 µg/kg medetomidine and 1 (M1) or 2 mg/kg (M2) morphine were administered intramuscularly. After preoxygenation, anaesthesia was induced with alfaxalone at 10 mg/kg intravenously. The trachea was intubated and 60 per cent oxygen provided. Heart and respiratory rates (HR and RR), direct arterial pressures (APs), arterial pH (pHa), PaO2, PaCO2 and SaO2 were taken at baseline, after premedication and every 10 minutes during the 90 minutes following induction. The times to return the ear pinch, toe pinch and righting reflexes were recorded. Data were analysed using a two-way analysis of variance and a paired samples t test. Compared to baseline values, HR, RR, APs, PaO2 and SaO2 decreased significantly after premedication in both groups. Postinduction apnoea of 20 ± 10 with M1 and 27 ± 18 minutes with M2 was experienced following alfaxalone administration, intermitent positive pressure ventilation was applied until spontaneous breathing efforts appeared. Cardiovascular variables, RR and pHa remained below, and PaCO2 over baseline values during the anaesthetic period. No significant differences were observed in the recovery times. Morphine at 1 or 2 mg/kg combined with medetomidine and alfaxalone in rabbits produced a suitable level of anaesthesia, although profound cardiorespiratory depression was found.

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“…The potent sedation created by medetomidine and dexmedetomidine exhibit a dose dependent duration [5]. Sedation lasting up to 240 min has been reported [4–6, 28, 29]. This makes a strong argument for pharmacological antagonism of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine with atipamezole once the procedure is completed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedation levels in dogs: a validation study

2017

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess validation evidence for a sedation scale for dogs. We hypothesized that the chosen sedation scale would be unreliable when used by different raters and show poor discrimination between sedation protocols.A sedation scale (range 0–21) was used to score 62 dogs scheduled to receive sedation at two veterinary clinics in a prospective trial. Scores recorded by a single observer were used to assess internal consistency and construct validity of the scores. To assess inter-rater reliability, video-recordings of sedation assessment were randomized and blinded for viewing by 5 raters untrained in the scale. Videos were also edited to allow assessment of inter-rater reliability of an abbreviated scale (range 0–12) by 5 different raters.ResultsBoth sedation scales exhibited excellent internal consistency and very good inter-rater reliability (full scale, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICCsingle] = 0.95; abbreviated scale, ICCsingle = 0.94). The full scale discriminated between the most common protocols: dexmedetomidine-hydromorphone (median [range] of sedation score, 11 [1–18], n = 20) and acepromazine-hydromorphone (5 [0–15], n = 36, p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe hypothesis was rejected. Full and abbreviated scales showed excellent internal consistency and very good reliability between multiple untrained raters. The full scale differentiated between levels of sedation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1027-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Comparative cardiovascular, analgesic, and sedative effects of medetomidine, medetomidine-hydromorphone, and medetomidine-butorphanol in dogs

Abstract: Medetomidine-hydromorphone or medetomidine-butorphanol is associated with improved analgesia and sedation but has cardiopulmonary effects comparable to those for medetomidine alone.

Cited by 73 publications

References 24 publications

The hemodynamic effects of medetomidine continuous rate infusions in the dog

The hemodynamic effects of medetomidine continuous rate infusions in the dog

Cardiorespiratory, anaesthetic and recovery effects of morphine combined with medetomidine and alfaxalone in rabbits

Sedation levels in dogs: a validation study

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