Comparative characterization of inflammatory profile and oral microbiome according to an inflammation-based risk score in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease considers the myocardial infarction (MI), either non-ST-segment elevation (non-STEMI) or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); this represents the main cause of mortality in Mexican population. Regarding to the inflammatory state, this is reported to be a major prognostic factor of mortality for patients with MI. One of the conditions capable of producing systemic inflammation is periodontal disease. It has been proposed that the oral microbiota is translocated through the bloodstream to the liver and intestine, generating intestinal dysbiosis. The aim of this protocol is to assess oral microbiota diversity and circulating inflammatory profile in STEMI patients stratified according to an inflammation-based risk scoring system. We found that Bacteriodetes phylum was the most abundant in STEMI patients, and Prevotella was the most abundant genus, with a higher proportion in periodontitis patients. In fact, Prevotella genus was found to correlate positively and significantly with elevated IL-6 concentration. Our study defined a non-causal association inferred between the cardiovascular risk of STEMI patients, determined by changes in the oral microbiota that influence the development of periodontal disease and its relationship with the exacerbation of the systemic inflammatory response.

Potential Association of the Oral Microbiome with Trimethylamine N-Oxide Quantification in Mexican Patients with Myocardial Infarction

“…Upon patient admission, blood samples were collected in polyethylene terephthalate tubes (BD Vacutainer) with EDTA for plasma, then obtained by centrifugation and immediately stored at −80°C for TMAO quantification. For the DNA extraction, 24 hr upon patient's admission, we collected the supragingival dental plaque samples of all dental organs' vestibular and lingual surfaces with a sterilized 3/4 Gracey curette and transferred them to a polypropylene sterile container (Eppendorf tube) with 70% ethanol and stored at −20°C [ 16 ].…”

“…We performed the analysis of the oral microbiota diversity by 16S rRNA sequencing (V3–V4 region); the taxonomy was assigned using the Human Oral Microbiome (eHOMD, v.15.2) pretrained for the V3–V4 region [ 17 ]. The DNA extraction and the 16s rRNA sequencing methods were previously described by our group [ 16 ]. The alpha-diversity analysis was performed using the Shannon metric, while beta-diversity was estimated using the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index and its visualization using principal coordinate analysis.…”

Cytokine and microbiota profiles in obesity-related hypertension patients

“…The plaque sample was collected by scraping the vestibular and lingual surfaces of all dental organs with a sterilized ¾ Gracey curette. The sample was transferred to a polypropylene sterile container (Eppendorf tube) with 70% ethanol and stored at -20°C until DNA extraction ( Hernández-Ruiz et al., 2023 ).…”

“…The 16S rRNA data analysis was performed using “Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2” (QIIME2) [v.2020.11]. The analysis protocol was previously described by our group ( Hernández-Ruiz et al., 2023 ). Taxonomy of the supragingival plaque samples was assigned using the Human Oral Microbiome (eHOMD) v.15.2 databases at 99% identity pre-trained for the V3-V4 region ( Escapa et al., 2018 ).…”

The Mediterranean Diet, Its Microbiome Connections, and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review”

“…Additionally, gut microbiota may influence drugs and food-derived bioactive compounds metabolism. In periodontal disease the oral microbiota is translocated through the bloodstream to the liver and intestine, generating intestinal dysbiosis [153]. Transfer of microbiota from obese animals induces metabolic disease and obesity in germ-free animals.…”