Comparative characterization of Na+ transport in <i>Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus</i> and <i>Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi</i>: a model species complex for studying teleost invasion of freshwater

Brix, Kevin V.; Grosell, Martin

doi:10.1242/jeb.067496

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In order to investigate the proton transporters' effect on the absorption, three mucosal solutions at pH 7 were prepared: 0.1 μM Bafilomycin A1 (V-H + -ATPas specific inhibitor) (InvivoGen), 50 μM EIPA- 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-Amiloride (NHE3 specific inhibitor) (Cayman Chemical), and a third mucosal solution containing both inhibitors at the same concentrations. The inhibitor concentrations were chosen according to Brix and Grosell (2012) and Fenwick et al (1999). Control, non-inverted sleeve was incubated in the pH 7 mucosal solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity-Dependent Shift in the Localization of Three Peptide Transporters along the Intestine of the Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

2017

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The peptide transporter (PepT) systems are well-known for their importance to protein absorption in all vertebrate species. These symporters use H+ gradient at the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelial cells to mediate the absorption of small peptides. In fish, the intestine is a multifunctional organ, involved in osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, and nutrient absorption. Therefore, we expected environmental stimuli to affect peptide absorption. We examined the effect of three environmental factors; salinity, pH and feeding, on the expression, activity and localization of three PepT transporters (PepT1a, PepT1b, PepT2) along the intestine of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that the two PepT1 variants are typical to the proximal intestinal section while PepT2 is typical to the distal intestinal sections. Immunofluorescence analysis with custom-made antibodies supported the qPCR results, localized both transporters on the apical membrane of enterocytes and provided the first evidence for the participation of PepT2 in nutrient absorption. This first description of segment-specific expression and localization points to a complementary role of the different peptide transporters, corresponding to the changes in nutrient availability along the intestine. Both gene expression and absorption activity assays showed that an increase in water salinity shifted the localization of the PepT genes transcription and activity down along the intestinal tract. Additionally, an unexpected pH effect was found on the absorption of small peptides, with increased activity at higher pH levels. This work emphasizes the relationships between different functions of the fish intestine and how they are affected by environmental conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity-Dependent Shift in the Localization of Three Peptide Transporters along the Intestine of the Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

2017

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“…; Parks et al . ; Brix & Grosell ). All fish were allowed to acclimate at these treatment salinities for at least 3 months prior to sampling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 ppt is isosmotic to the body fluids of stickleback, which should represent the energetically least challenging environment for a euryhaline fish (Schaarschmidt et al 1999;Boeuf & Payan 2001), whereas 2 ppt is well below the isosmotic point, and thus requires a transition of the gill to ion uptake. 0.3 ppt represents a physiological barrier at which the suite of freshwater ion transporters must change to maintain thermodynamically favourable ion uptake, particularly of Na + and Cl - (Boisen et al 2003;Parks et al 2008;Brix & Grosell 2012). All fish were allowed to acclimate at these treatment salinities for at least 3 months prior to sampling.…”

Section: Stickleback Populations and Acclimation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression plasticity in response to salinity acclimation in threespine stickleback ecotypes from different salinity habitats

et al. 2017

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Phenotypic plasticity is thought to facilitate the colonization of novel environments and shape the direction of evolution in colonizing populations. However, the relative prevalence of various predicted patterns of changes in phenotypic plasticity following colonization remains unclear. Here, we use a whole-transcriptome approach to characterize patterns of gene expression plasticity in the gills of a freshwater-adapted and a saltwater-adapted ecotype of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) exposed to a range of salinities. The response of the gill transcriptome to environmental salinity had a large shared component common to both ecotypes (2159 genes) with significant enrichment of genes involved in transmembrane ion transport and the restructuring of the gill epithelium. This transcriptional response to freshwater acclimation is induced at salinities below two parts per thousand. There was also differentiation in gene expression patterns between ecotypes (2515 genes), particularly in processes important for changes in the gill structure and permeability. Only 508 genes that differed between ecotypes also responded to salinity and no specific processes were enriched among this gene set, and an even smaller number (87 genes) showed evidence of changes in the extent of the response to salinity acclimation between ecotypes. No pattern of relative expression dominated among these genes, suggesting that neither gains nor losses of plasticity dominated the changes in expression patterns between the ecotypes. These data demonstrate that multiple patterns of changes in gene expression plasticity can occur following colonization of novel habitats.

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“…Differences between human generation time (20-30 years) and pupfish generation time (less than 4 months in the wild) only partially account for this difference. It is unknown whether this reflects a bias in our RADseq data or a real biological difference in pupfishes, such as increased metabolism in extreme thermal or hypersaline environments [62]. Alternative phylogenetic models, more stringent filtering, and taxon subsets did not substantially change our estimate of the mutation rate (electronic supplementary material, table S2).…”

Section: (D) Estimation Of the Mutation Rate In Pupfishesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Diabolical survival in Death Valley: recent pupfish colonization, gene flow and genetic assimilation in the smallest species range on earth

et al. 2016

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One of the most endangered vertebrates, the Devils Hole pupfish Cyprinodon diabolis, survives in a nearly impossible environment: a narrow subterranean fissure in the hottest desert on earth, Death Valley. This species became a conservation icon after a landmark 1976 US Supreme Court case affirming federal groundwater rights to its unique habitat. However, one outstanding question about this species remains unresolved: how long has diabolis persisted in this hellish environment? We used next-generation sequencing of over 13 000 loci to infer the demographic history of pupfishes in Death Valley. Instead of relicts isolated 2-3 Myr ago throughout repeated flooding of the entire region by inland seas as currently believed, we present evidence for frequent gene flow among Death Valley pupfish species and divergence after the most recent flooding 13 kyr ago. We estimate that Devils Hole was colonized by pupfish between 105 and 830 years ago, followed by genetic assimilation of pelvic fin loss and recent gene flow into neighbouring spring systems. Our results provide a new perspective on an iconic endangered species using the latest population genomic methods and support an emerging consensus that timescales for speciation are overestimated in many groups of rapidly evolving species.

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Comparative characterization of Na+ transport in Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi: a model species complex for studying teleost invasion of freshwater

Abstract: +concentrations is not strictly a result of increased MRC fractional area, and other variables, such as differential expression of proteins involved in Na + uptake, must provide C. v. hubbsi with the ability to osmoregulate in dilute freshwater.

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Salinity-Dependent Shift in the Localization of Three Peptide Transporters along the Intestine of the Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Salinity-Dependent Shift in the Localization of Three Peptide Transporters along the Intestine of the Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Gene expression plasticity in response to salinity acclimation in threespine stickleback ecotypes from different salinity habitats

Diabolical survival in Death Valley: recent pupfish colonization, gene flow and genetic assimilation in the smallest species range on earth

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