Comparative Chemistry of Sebum

Nikkari, T.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12676800

Cited by 150 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This was probably due to different amounts and compositions of sebum being present on the skin of the two animal species, as the sebum compositions of rats and guinea pigs have previously been reported to differ [8,12]. Additionally, it has also been reported that the sebum on the guinea pig does not include squalene and includes much more sterols much more than that on the human [12]. The different compositions and amounts of sebum in these two species might mainly affect the partition of Ps to the skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Skin Blanching of Topically Applied Steroids Using a Chroma Meter in Animals

et al. 2012

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Abstract:We evaluated the utility of animal skins for determining the skin blanching of steroids. A Chroma Meter was used to determine the skin blanching of steroids. Hydrophilic creams containing clobetasol propionate (CP) or prednisolone (PS) were selected as model steroid formulations. Skin blanching, a*, was determined using a Chroma Meter after the application of 0.005, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0% CP or PS hydrophilic cream to the back skin of guinea pigs and hairless rats for 24 h. The relationships between ∆a* 6h and the skin concentrations of the steroids were determined at 6 h after removal of the cream. ∆a* 6h was markedly decreased after the application of CP hydrophilic cream to guinea pigs, and a good linear relationship was observed between ∆a* 6h and skin concentration (r=0.98). In contrast, no relationship was observed between these parameters after the application of CP cream to the hairless rats. Although skin blanching was observed after PS cream application in guinea pigs, no relationship was observed between ∆a* 6h and skin concentration of PS in each animal. These results suggest that the skin blanching effect of CP in guinea pigs is greater than that of PS and that its blanching effect in guinea pigs was stronger than that in hairless rats. Guinea pigs were found to be a good animal model for determining the skin blanching produced by steroid creams. In addition, Chroma Meters can be effectively used in skin vasoconstrictive tests in guinea pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Skin Blanching of Topically Applied Steroids Using a Chroma Meter in Animals

et al. 2012

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“…It is also thought that the secretion of the sebaceous gland, sebum, is formed when the fully mature, lipid-rich cells die and disintegrate [12]. It has been reported that the components of sebum contain squalene and wax esters, as well as cholesterol esters, triglycerides and possibly some free fatty acids [13,14]. ELOVL5 is involved in elongation of various polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids of C18-C20 [15], and SCD1 catalyses delta-9 desaturation of various fatty acyl-CoA substrates [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of the Candidate Genes ELOVL5 and SCD1 for Male Effect' Pheromone Synthesis in Goats (Capra hircus)

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The 'male effect' is a well-known phenomenon in female sheep and goats, whereby pheromone-induced activation of reproductive function occurs. In a previous study, we showed that the genes for elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 5 (ELOVL5) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) increased their expression significantly, concomitant with induction of pheromone synthesis. Therefore, these genes were considered to be prime candidate genes for pheromone synthesis. In the present study, we performed in situ hybridization to investigate where these two genes are expressed in goat skin. Strong positive signals were detected for both genes in the head skin of the male goat, which is the main site of pheromone production, and were mainly in the basal layer of the sebaceous gland cells, with the remaining cells showing negligible signals. None of the cells in the rump skin of the male goat or the head skin of the orchidectomized goat, neither of which produce pheromone, exhibited strong positive signals. The present study demonstrates that expression of these two candidate genes for pheromone synthesis is primarily localized in the sebaceous glands of the pheromone-producing skin region. , the 'male effect' is well known as a pheromone-induced phenomenon in which seasonally anovulatory females resume ovarian cyclicity in response to introduction of a male. In goats, we have previously shown that the 'male effect' pheromone is produced in a testosterone (T)-dependent manner in the skin of the head region, but not in the skin of the rump region [4,5], using a bioassay for pheromone activity that we had developed previously [6,7]. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment induces pheromone production in the skin of the rump region, where pheromones are not produced constitutively [8]. Interestingly, 'male effect' pheromone activity is also induced in female skin by androgens [9]. We found that expression of the genes for elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 5 (ELOVL5) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) increased significantly, concomitant with induction of pheromone synthesis, in three types of skin models, i.e., the head skin of Ttreated orchidectomized (ODX) male goats, rump skin of DHT-treated ODX male goats and head skin of DHT-treated ovariectomized female goats, thereby implicating these two genes as prime can-

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“…Sebum is a group of complex lipids including triglycerides and fatty acid breakdown products, wax esters, squalene, cholesterol esters and cholesterol [9][10][11][12][13] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond acne: Current aspects of sebaceous gland biology and function

Zouboulis¹,

Picardo

Qiang

et al. 2016

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

118

112

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The sebaceous gland is mostly found in association with a hair follicle. Its traditional function is the holocrine production of sebum, a complex mixture of lipids, cell debris, and other rather poorly characterized substances. Due to the gland central role in acne pathogenesis, early research had focused on its lipogenic activity. Less-studied aspects of the sebaceous gland, such as stem cell biology, the regulation of cellular differentiation by transcription factors, the significance of specific lipid fractions, the endocrine and specially the neuroendocrine role of the sebaceous gland, and its contribution to the innate immunity, the detoxification of the skin and skin aging have recently attracted the attention of researchers from different disciplines. Here, we summarize recent, multidisciplinary progress in sebaceous gland research and discuss how sebaceous gland research may stimulate the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific molecular pathways of the pathogenesis of skin diseases.

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Comparative Chemistry of Sebum

Cited by 150 publications

References 45 publications

Evaluation of the Skin Blanching of Topically Applied Steroids Using a Chroma Meter in Animals

Evaluation of the Skin Blanching of Topically Applied Steroids Using a Chroma Meter in Animals

Localization of the Candidate Genes ELOVL5 and SCD1 for Male Effect' Pheromone Synthesis in Goats (Capra hircus)

Beyond acne: Current aspects of sebaceous gland biology and function

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